Milk Urea Content and Î´13C as Potential Tool for Differentiation of Milk from Organic and Conventional Low- and High-Input Farming Systems

Zhukova, Yaroslava; Petrov, Pylyp; Demikhov, Yuriy; Mason, Alex; Korostynska, O.

doi:10.24925/turjaf.v5i9.1044-1050.1286

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Characteristics of farming systems and their outputs Farming systems are classified into intensive versus extensive farming systems according to the agro-technological approach. The intensive farming systems also are known as high-input farming system (Poux, 2008;Nemecek et al, 2008;Zhukova et al, 2017) or conventional farming system (Pacini et al, 2003;Crittenden et al, 2015). Extensive farming systems are designated as low-input farming systems (Poux, 2008;Nemecek et al, 2008, et al), or low intensity farming systems (Beaufoy et al, 1994;Gómez Sal & González García, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of farming system outputs and methods of their evaluation

Novikova¹,

Startienė²

2018

Research for Rural Development

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Farming outputs in agriculture depend on the nature of production, i.e. different farming systems generate different outputs. All these outputs are important for the society, and, therefore, require an integrated approach in view of the specific farming characteristics, where market and non-market outputs are taken into account. Therefore, the paper focuses on analysis of farming system outputs and methods of their evaluation. The objectives of this paper are to define the features of different farming systems and their outputs, then, to analyse the methods of evaluation of farming system outputs used in the studies. In order to achieve the research aim, analysis of economic scientific literature has been conducted; characteristics of farming systems and their outputs have been analysed; evaluation methods of the market and non-market farming system outputs, revealing their advantages and disadvantages, have been examined. Methods of systemic and logic analysis have been applied to analysis of the farming system outputs and their evaluation. The analysis has shown that intensive farming systems generate more market goods, while extensive farming systems -more public goods. Price-based methods are mostly used for the evaluation of market outputs of farming systems. Stated preferences methods are the most universal techniques used for the determination of the values from non-market farming system outputs. Hedonic pricing approaches are used for evaluation of specific agricultural public goods related to recreation or leisure and related to the particular groups of users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of farming system outputs and methods of their evaluation

Novikova¹,

Startienė²

2018

Research for Rural Development

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“…Стандарт органічного виробництва молока корів BioSuisse (Швейцарія) передбачає обов'язковий випас на пасовищі, мінімальне використання концентратів та відсутність у раціоні силосу. Тому рівень сечовини молока та деяких інших метаболітів може бути використаний як потенційний показник партії молока з органічної системи виробництва (Zhukova et al, 2017).…”

Section: обговоренняunclassified

Urea and other milk indicators in the early period of goat lactation in the farm’s conditions of the Ukrainian steppe zone

Chumak¹,

Horchanok²,

Chumak³

2020

TAVM

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The relationships between the urea and other goat milk indicators levels at the beginning of lactation on intensive production and with a certain level of feeding were revealed. Due to the beneficial effects on human health, goat's milk has found its niche in healthy foods' assortment of developed countries. A sampling of milk has provided an opportunity to identify the characteristics of the goat milk's physicochemical composition at the beginning of lactation (the first week, the first and second months after parturition). Evaluation of the goat milk quality has high economic importance, especially protein and fat content, on which the volume of produced cheese depends. The milk urea content was 20.93 ± 8.8 mg/dl, the fluctuations at the end of the first week were 10.57 ± 5.78 mg/dl, and the second month of lactation was 25.08 ± 3.17 mg/dl. A correlation was observed between this indicator and the content of fat (r =-0.62), protein (r =-0.76), dry matter (r =-0.72), milk solids-non-fat (r =-0.75) and the milk freezing point (r =-0.79). Thus, these results differ from the data of other researchers conducted with milk and obtained in other lactation periods, when these dependencies were already offset by the influence of other factors. The level of fat averaged 4.77 ± 1.43%, protein 3.61 ± 0.98%, fat / protein ratio was 1.34 ± 0.27. At the end of the first week, level of fat was 5.86 + 1.73%, protein 4.65 ± 0.91%, fat / protein ratio 1.26 ± 0.28, and in the second month of lactation 4.40 ± 1.10%, 3.07 ± 0.51% and 1.43 ± 0.24, respectively. This is probably connected with a gradual transition to the production of more diluted milk after an early lactation period. But the fat and protein ratio characterizes the gradual improvement in the milk technological properties. The lactose level averaged 4.26 ± 0.22%, it varied from 4.25 ± 0.19% at the end of the first week, to 4.39 ± 0.19% at the second-month lactation. In our work, we obtained fluctuations in the number of somatic cells 3312 ± 5579 thousand/ml with very significant fluctuations in individual animals in the absence of any pathological clinical signs. Significant differences with the data from other works are probably due to the early lactation period of our animals. The solids' content in the milk averaged 13.73 ± 2.41%, milk solids-nonfat 8.94 ± 1.11%, the freezing point or mild depression was 0.563 ± 0.029 ° C. At the end of the first week, these indicators were 15,98 ± 2.44%, 10.11 ± 0.91% and-0.593 ± 0.020 ° C, and in the second month of lactation 12.89 ± 1.74%, 8.47 ± 0.75% and-0.555 ± 0.025 °C, respectively.

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“…Generally, conventional farming supports the society mostly with the provisioning services or market outputs, and is usually considered as a producer of negative impacts (Zhukova et al, 2017;Wagner et al, 2017). Meanwhile, organic farming is usually considered as a provider of supporting and regulating services due to its low input during the production process (Jespersen et al, 2017;Krause & Machek, 2018), which are usually considered as non-market outputs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Assessment of Farming System Outputs: Lithuanian Case Study

Novikova

Rocchi

Startienė

2020

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Agriculture provides people with different market outputs. However, market outputs are not the only kind of output provided by agriculture: non-market outputs are produced jointly with the market ones in an agroecosystem. All the outputs produced by agriculture can be classified as the ecosystem services. The magnitude and levels of farming outputs depend on different technologies of production; i.e. different farming systems generate different outputs. Assessing the output of agriculture is quite simple in terms of the market value, but not so easy for non-market outputs. Moreover, evaluation of market and non-market outputs is usually performed separately. The objectives of this paper are to present an integrated evaluation framework for the outputs, marketable and non-marketable, associated with different farming systems. For the case study, we proposed the evaluation of the market and non-market output, associated with milk production in Lithuania, considering both organic and conventional production. In terms of the market evaluation, the results have shown that organic farming produced a value 1.24 times higher than conventional, while the valuation result associated with the non-market output is 83 time higher in organic than in conventional one. The study is the first attempt to develop a framework for integrated evaluation of farming outputs, taking into account market and non-market outputs and considering different types of farming systems.

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Milk Urea Content and Î´13C as Potential Tool for Differentiation of Milk from Organic and Conventional Low- and High-Input Farming Systems

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Analysis of farming system outputs and methods of their evaluation

Analysis of farming system outputs and methods of their evaluation

Urea and other milk indicators in the early period of goat lactation in the farm’s conditions of the Ukrainian steppe zone

Integrated Assessment of Farming System Outputs: Lithuanian Case Study

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