Millennial Recurrence of Large Earthquakes on the Haiyuan Fault near Songshan, Gansu Province, China

Liu‐Zeng, Jing; Klinger, Yann; Xu, Xiwei; Lasserre, Cécile; Chen, Guihua; Chen, Wenbing; Tapponnier, Paul; Zhang, Biao

doi:10.1785/0120050118

Cited by 111 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Paleoseismological studies on the Haiyuan fault reveal that the average recurrence intervals between major earthquakes are in the range of 1000 to 2000 years [Zhang et al, 1988b[Zhang et al, , 2003Ran et al, 1997]. Liu et al [2007] report about 1000 year recurrence interval along the section of the Haiyuan fault, west of our studied area. Thus, for 1000 -2000 year recurrence and 88 year elapse time, the total slip will be strongly biased by inclusion of the most recent event.…”

Section: Inferences Of Fault Slip Ratesmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…[60] Along the neighboring fault, the Laohu Shan fault, Liu et al [2007] trenched the Songshan site and found two datable events with vertical displacement a few centimeters. Using 10 m as the characteristic displacement associated with the two paleoseismic events [Lasserre et al, 1999], they argued for 12 ± 4 mm/yr slip rate.…”

Section: Comparison With Gps Interferometric Aperture Radar and Palmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Quaternary left‐lateral slip rate of the Haiyuan fault, northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2009

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Slip rates of major active strike‐slip faults within and around the Tibetan Plateau provide constraints for understanding the dynamics of continental deformation in general because large slip rates can be taken to imply localized deformation between rigid blocks and low slip rates on faults are more consistent with distributed deformation. Several major strike‐slip faults have been studied during the last 3 decades. As one of important active strike‐slip faults in and around the Tibetan Plateau, the slip rate of the Haiyuan fault has been discrepantly estimated to be high by proponents of “escape tectonics” or low by others and GPS observations. To better constrain its slip rate and then to better understand the mechanics of intracontinental deformation, we try to more carefully consider offset geomorphic features and age constraints along the Haiyuan fault. In this paper, we select three sites where both upper and lower bounds of slip rate can be obtained. We find that slip rates are 4.2 ± 0.8 mm/yr at the Shaomayin, 4.5 ± 0.7 mm/yr at Gaowanzi, and 5.0 ± 2.5 mm/yr at Huangliangtan site. Combinations of these rates with those published previously yield an average slip rate of 4.5 ± 1.0 mm/yr on the Haiyuan fault. This rate agrees with the present‐day slip rate of 4.3 ± 1.5 mm/yr measured by GPS, 4.2–8 mm/yr by interferometric synthetic aperture radar, and ∼5 mm/yr through paleoseismological studies. The temporal consistency suggests a steady state process of strain accumulation and release along the Haiyuan fault. The low slip rate suggests that the Haiyuan fault, similar to the Altyn Tagh fault, does not transfer a significant portion of the convergence between India and Asia out of India's path into Eurasia but merely redistributes crustal thickening.

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Section: Inferences Of Fault Slip Ratesmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Comparison With Gps Interferometric Aperture Radar and Palmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary left‐lateral slip rate of the Haiyuan fault, northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2009

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“…The Qilian Shan range to the north has also been affected by several, equally large (M 8-8.3) historical earthquakes along its NEvergent fold-thrust belt in 1927 (Gaudemer et al 1995). Palaeoseismic trenching along the central portion of the fault reveals four major events in the last 3.5-4 ka, yielding an earthquake recurrence time of almost 1000 years (Liu-Zeng et al 2007). Burchfiel et al (1989Burchfiel et al ( , 1991 suggested that only 10.5-15.5 km offset had occurred along the Haiyuan Fault by matching geological markers across the fault.…”

Section: Haiyuan Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal–lithospheric structure and continental extrusion of Tibet

Searle

Elliott

Phillips

et al. 2011

JGS

240

154

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Crustal shortening and thickening to c. 70-85 km in the Tibetan Plateau occurred both before and mainly after the c. 50 Ma India-Asia collision. Potassic-ultrapotassic shoshonitic and adakitic lavas erupted across the Qiangtang (c. 50-29 Ma) and Lhasa blocks (c. 30-10 Ma) indicate a hot mantle, thick crust and eclogitic root during that period. The progressive northward underthrusting of cold, Indian mantle lithosphere since collision shut off the source in the Lhasa block at c. 10 Ma. Late Miocene-Pleistocene shoshonitic volcanic rocks in northern Tibet require hot mantle. We review the major tectonic processes proposed for Tibet including 'rigid-block', continuum and crustal flow as well as the geological history of the major strikeslip faults. We examine controversies concerning the cumulative geological offsets and the discrepancies between geological, Quaternary and geodetic slip rates. Low present-day slip rates measured from global positioning system and InSAR along the Karakoram and Altyn Tagh Faults in addition to slow long-term geological rates can only account for limited eastward extrusion of Tibet since Mid-Miocene time. We conclude that despite being prominent geomorphological features sometimes with wide mylonite zones, the faults cut earlier formed metamorphic and igneous rocks and show limited offsets. Concentrated strain at the surface is dissipated deeper into wide ductile shear zones.

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“…1) (Zhang et al, 1987). It connects to the 1920 rupture trace through a major left stepover known to have influenced the propagation of large historical earthquakes (Liu-Zeng et al, 2007). Geodetic investigations using InSAR suggest no significant slip deficit builds up along the creeping section on average over the [2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009] period, as it slips at plate loading rate (5 1 mm=yr).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Burst‐Like Behavior of Aseismic Slip on a Rough Fault: The Creeping Section of the Haiyuan Fault, China

Jolivet

Candela

Lasserre

et al. 2014

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

Self Cite

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Recent observations suggesting the influence of creep on earthquakes nucleation and arrest are strong incentives to investigate the physical mechanisms controlling how active faults slip. We focus here on deriving generic characteristics of shallow creep along the Haiyuan fault, a major strike-slip fault in China, by investigating the relationship between fault slip and geometry. We use optical images and time series of Synthetic Aperture Radar data to map the surface fault trace and the spatiotemporal distribution of surface slip along the creeping section of the Haiyuan fault. The fault trace roughness shows a power-law behavior similar to that of the aseismic slip distribution, with a 0.8 roughness exponent, typical of a self-affine regime. One possible interpretation is that fault geometry controls to some extent the distribution of aseismic slip, as it has been shown previously for coseismic slip along active faults. Creep is characterized by local fluctuations in rates that we define as creep bursts. The potency of creep bursts follows a power-law behavior similar to the GutenbergRichter earthquake distribution, whereas the distribution of bursts velocity is nonGaussian, suggesting an avalanche-like behavior of these slip events. Such similarities with earthquakes and lab experiments lead us to interpret the rich dynamics of creep bursts observed along the Haiyuan fault as resulting from long-range elastic interactions within the heterogeneous Earth's crust.

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Millennial Recurrence of Large Earthquakes on the Haiyuan Fault near Songshan, Gansu Province, China

Cited by 111 publications

References 59 publications

Late Quaternary left‐lateral slip rate of the Haiyuan fault, northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Late Quaternary left‐lateral slip rate of the Haiyuan fault, northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Crustal–lithospheric structure and continental extrusion of Tibet

The Burst‐Like Behavior of Aseismic Slip on a Rough Fault: The Creeping Section of the Haiyuan Fault, China

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