Miller Fisher Syndrome Triggered by Infections: A Review of the Literature and a Case Report

Spyromitrou-Xioufi, Panagiota; Ntoulios, Georgios; Ladomenou, Fani; Niotakis, Georgios; Tritou, Ioanna; Vlachaki, Georgia

doi:10.1177/0883073821988428

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 57 publications

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“…The initial treatment for Campylobacter bacteremia is decided after in vitro susceptibility testing to various antibiotics. Nowadays, and because of the increase in antibiotic resistance some cases show no susceptibility test result, at this stage Campylobacter fetus isolates were assumed to be susceptible to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, whereas C jejuni and C coli isolates were assumed to be resistant to all thirdgeneration cephalosporins [49].…”

Section: Campylobacter Bacteremiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter jejuni Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations and Management

Al-Khreshieh¹,

Al-Fawares²,

EM³

2023

J Biomed Res Environ Sci

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Campylobacter spp has become one of the most important foodborne pathogens. Moreover, Campylobacter can cause an economic burden on the human population since it can cause about 8.4% of diarrheal cases worldwide. In addition, Campylobacteriosis outbreaks have been reported sporadically in association with untreated drinking water. Water that does not take from a licensed water supplier is considered the main cause of water contamination. The most common risk factor for Campylobacteriosis transmission to humans is raw undercooked chicken. Contamination among poultry may be the result of the environmental conditions inside the farms or chicken factories that could be spread very fast among others. This infection is usually self-limited with no signs or symptoms but it can also present with severe symptoms, including diarrhea that can last for more than one week and can ultimately lead to dehydration, fever, and abdominal pain. However, the main recognized sequelae are Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), Reactive Arthritis (REA), Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), and rarely Bacteremia. Recently, many cases of Campylobacter spp show important resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. Thus, the prevention and monitoring of this infection play an essential role. Campylobacteriosis is self-limiting, and most of the cases does not need to be treated. Some medical interventions such as electrolytes replacement, as well as hydration may be followed to treat immunocompromised patients, patients suffering from severe symptoms, pregnant women, and the elderly.

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Section: Campylobacter Bacteremiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter jejuni Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations and Management

Al-Khreshieh¹,

Al-Fawares²,

EM³

2023

J Biomed Res Environ Sci

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Guillain–Barré syndrome following varicella–zoster virus infection: a case report and systematic review

Nerabani,

Atli,

Hamdan

et al. 2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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Background: Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory disease of the peripheral nervous system, rarely following Varicella–zoster virus (VZV) infection. The authors aimed to review all cases in the English literature of GBS that occurred after primary VZV infection to investigate the clinical features, diagnostic workup, treatment, and outcome of patients with GBS following VZV. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase are systematically searched from their inception to 9 May 2022 to collect all cases of GBS following varicella–zoster infection. Patients with GBS following VZV reactivation were excluded. Results: Among the 29 patients, the age of presentation ranged from 1.5 to 70 years with a median of 37, with a yield for males (81.5%). Most of the patients presented with sensory-motor symptoms (65.4%) and suffered from tetraparesis (81.5%). Cranial nerve palsy was present in (84%) of patients, and the seventh cranial nerve was the most commonly affected nerve (75%). Lumbar puncture showed albuminocytological dissociation in (80%) of patients. The dominant nerve conduction study subtype was acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (65.3%). in addition, the magnetic resonance imaging showed pathological findings in only (47.5%) of the patients. Intravenous immunoglobulin is now the drug of choice for all cases of GBS following VZV infection. Conclusion: GBS is a rare neurological complication of primary infection with VZV. However, the authors should suspect this syndrome when a patient develops ascending weakness, regardless of the absence of areflexia and albuminocytological dissociation. Drug therapy with IIVIg ensures a gradual improvement for the patient over a period of weeks to several months.

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Triggers of Guillain–Barré Syndrome: Campylobacter jejuni Predominates

Finsterer¹

2022

IJMS

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Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare immune-mediated acute polyradiculo-neuropathy that typically develops after a previous gastrointestinal or respiratory infection. This narrative overview aims to summarise and discuss current knowledge and previous evidence regarding triggers and pathophysiology of GBS. A systematic search of the literature was carried out using suitable search terms. The most common subtypes of GBS are acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). The most common triggers of GBS, in three quarters of cases, are previous infections. The most common infectious agents that cause GBS include Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and cytomegalovirus. C. jejuni is responsible for about a third of GBS cases. GBS due to C. jejuni is usually more severe than that due to other causes. Clinical presentation of GBS is highly dependent on the structure of pathogenic lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) that trigger the innate immune system via Toll-like-receptor (TLR)-4 signalling. AIDP is due to demyelination, whereas in AMAN, structures of the axolemma are affected in the nodal or inter-nodal space. In conclusion, GBS is a neuro-immunological disorder caused by autoantibodies against components of the myelin sheath or axolemma. Molecular mimicry between surface structures of pathogens and components of myelin or the axon is one scenario that may explain the pathophysiology of GBS.

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Miller Fisher Syndrome Triggered by Infections: A Review of the Literature and a Case Report

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

Campylobacter jejuni Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations and Management

Campylobacter jejuni Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations and Management

Guillain–Barré syndrome following varicella–zoster virus infection: a case report and systematic review

Triggers of Guillain–Barré Syndrome: Campylobacter jejuni Predominates

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