Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless Networks: Potentials and Challenges

Abstract

Millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies between 30 and 300 GHz are a new frontier for cellular communication that offers the promise of orders of magnitude greater bandwidths combined with further gains via beamforming and spatial multiplexing from multi-element antenna arrays. This paper surveys measurements and capacity studies to assess this technology with a focus on small cell deployments in urban environments. The conclusions are extremely encouraging; measurements in New York City at 28 and 73 GHz demonstrate that, even in an urban canyon environment, significant non-line-of-sight (NLOS) outdoor, streetlevel coverage is possible up to approximately 200 m from a potential low power micro-or picocell base station. In addition, based on statistical channel models from these measurements, it is shown that mmW systems can offer more than an order of magnitude increase in capacity over current state-of-the-art 4G cellular networks at current cell densities. Cellular systems, however, will need to be significantly redesigned to fully achieve these gains. Specifically, the requirement of highly directional and adaptive transmissions, directional isolation between links and significant possibilities of outage have strong implications on multiple access, channel structure, synchronization and receiver design. To address these challenges, the paper discusses how various technologies including adaptive beamforming, multihop relaying, heterogeneous network architectures and carrier aggregation can be leveraged in the mmW context.

Optimization of Visible-Light Optical Wireless Systems: Network-Centric Versus User-Centric Designs

“…However, with the increase of tele-traffic, as recently predicted by Cisco and shown in Figure 1, the radio frequency (RF) band is becoming more and more crowded. Following the launch of the global fifth generation (5G) research initiatives [3] conceived for tackling the explosive escalation of wireless tele-traffic, the horizon of communication bands has been expanded from the conventional RF band both to the millimeter wave [4] and to the visible light [1] frequency band spanning from 400 to 800 THz.…”

EXIT Chart Aided Convergence Analysis of Recursive Soft <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math> </inline-formula>-Sequence Initial Acquisition in Nakagami-m Fading Channels

“…In the current era of mobile communication android phones, tablets, notebooks and laptops are in great demand throughout the world, which has resulted in an exponential increase of data traffic [1,2]. Hence the information transmission over the channel should be as bandwidth-efficient as possible [1,2].…”

“…Hence the information transmission over the channel should be as bandwidth-efficient as possible [1,2]. Fortunately, the performance of wireless systems can be enhanced using iterative decoding, where extrinsic soft information is exchanged between the constituent receiver components [3].…”

“…Fortunately, the performance of wireless systems can be enhanced using iterative decoding, where extrinsic soft information is exchanged between the constituent receiver components [3]. The increased tele-traffic has led to the development of new enabling techniques operating at increased millimetre wave carrier frequencies, where more bandwidth is available for small cells [1,2]. These advances will improve the area spectral efficiency in tele-traffic hot spots, such as stadiums, shopping malls etc.…”

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“…5G 후보 기술 중 하나로 논의되고 있는 밀리미터 웨이브 대역의 셀룰러 통신 시스템은 광대역의 주파 수 자원을 활용할 수 있기 때문에 효과적인 셀 용량 증대가 가능하다는 장점을 갖는다 [2][3][4] . 하지만 밀리미 터 웨이브 대역은 기존의 셀룰러 통신 시스템이 사용 하는 주파수 대역과 비교하면 매우 높은 경로 손실을 갖기 때문에 효과적인 셀 용량 증대 및 커버리지 확장 을 위해서는 빔형성 기술이 필수적이다 [5,6] . [7] .…”