Millimeter-Wave Thin Lens Using Multi-Patch Incorporated Unit Cells for Polarization-Dependent Beam Shaping

Yoon, Inseop; Oh, Jungsuek

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2909175

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The aperture size of lens prototype was 50.4 mm × 50.4 mm which composed of 28 × 28 unit cells. The design of the lens prototype is considering the focal distance between the feed antenna and metamaterial lens and the beamwidth of the feed dipole antenna for the lens to fully utilize the transmitted power of the feed antenna, and detailed specification of metamaterial is equivalent to that utilized in [29]. A 1.6 dBi dipole antenna is used as a feed antenna to simulate beams from multiple feed antenna array with precoding p ∈ {e 1 , e 2 , e 3 , e 4 }, in 3, where e n is the unit vector with one in nth element.…”

Section: Evaluation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Aperture Metamaterial Lens Antenna for Multi-Layer MIMO Transmission for 6G

Lee

Kim

2022

IEEE Access

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A metamaterial lens refers to a planar structure having multiple metamaterial unit cells capable of manipulating electromagnetic waves to improve antenna gains by changing their shape, geometry, size, or orientation. In this paper, we propose a large-aperture metamaterial lens antenna (MLA) designed to improve the gain of multiple beams emitted from a linear feed antenna array, taking multi-layer transmission into account. A new channel model incorporating MLA is presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed MLA on beam gain and system throughput gain. The channel model is derived by decomposing the entire propagation channel from the transmit antenna to the receive antenna through metamaterial lens into five serial channels. The measurement results of the MLA prototype prove that the channel model is valid to reflect the actual multiple beam patterns. Simulation results based on the channel model show that a single large-aperture MLA can achieve beam gain of up to 14 dB compared to the case without a lens. Finally, by adopting the proposed large-aperture MLA, it is shown through system-level simulation that the throughput of user equipment is increased on cellular networks.

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Section: Evaluation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Aperture Metamaterial Lens Antenna for Multi-Layer MIMO Transmission for 6G

Lee

Kim

2022

IEEE Access

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“…11 was designed using a 10-layer FR4 stacked substrate. Because of fabrication cost, FR4 is widely used in commercial mmWave 5G antenna-inpackage solutions [1], [26]- [29]. Via wall is surrounded with copper for cavity structure.…”

Section: × 8 Patch Array Antenna and Effective Simple Medium Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

$4\times8$ Patch Array-Fed FR4-Based Transmit Array Antennas for Affordable and Reliable 5G Beam Steering

Kim

Yoon

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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This paper presents a novel method of designing affordable 28-GHz transmit array antennas utilizing FR4 substrates, which are low-cost but lossy. It is demonstrated that low insertion loss can be achieved by employing appropriate combinations of spatial filter unit cells, where each unit cell is selected to minimize the loss factors defined by lossy spatial filter modeling. The loss factor with inter-layer couplings was found to be more variable than that without inter-layer couplings, although inter-layer couplings have previously been utilized to increase the tunable range of the phase shift. Therefore, the number of metal layers in the low-pass spatial filter more affected by the inter-layer coupling is selected to be less than the number of metal layers used in the bandpass spatial filter for a given thickness in the proposed method. In addition, a novel transmits array in which some of the unit cells are sinusoidally arranged is described. This can achieve up to 1.6-dB gain enhancement at some steered angles compared with the conventional design. To simulate transmit arrays rapidly, an effective simple medium structure representing a transmit array is presented. Finally, the measured results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed design approaches for affordable transmit array antennas. Only a small difference of 0.8 dB between the simulated and measured results confirms the successful manipulation of the lossy characteristic of FR4.

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“…Figure 6 shows the low-pass and band-pass unit cells where all the strip elements are connected to the strips in the neighboring unit cells without any gap. If the type of unit cells constituting a lens are homogeneous, such as low-pass or band-pass unit cells, the tunable range of the phase shift is limited to be approximately 180° [14]. The easiest way to increase the tunable range is to increase the number of layers of the substrate.…”

Section: Design Of Single Polarized Thin Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This section describes the procedure and results of designing the proposed lens by using the selected unit cells and the feed antenna, described in Section 2.2 and Section 2.3, respectively. The design procedure is based on the general procedure described in [14,15,16,21], but modified for the proposed single-polarized lens.…”

Section: Design Of Single Polarized Thin Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affordable Thin Lens Using Single Polarized Disparate Filter Arrays for Beyond 5G toward 6G

Yoon

2019

Sensors

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This paper proposes a novel design approach for a thin lens with the aim of overcoming fineness limits in the commercial millimeter wave printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing process. The PCB manufacturing process typically does not allow the fabrication of metallic patterns with a gap and width of less than 100 μm. This hampers expanding thin lens technology to 5G commercial applications, especially when such technology is considered for 60 GHz or higher frequency, which requires a finer gap and width of metallic traces. This paper proposes that problematic process conditions can be mitigated when a lens is designed by establishing single-polarized lumped element models where larger capacitance and inductance values can be obtained for the same patch and grid unit cells. While the proposed design technique is more advantageous at higher target frequencies, a 60 GHz application and a wireless backhaul system is selected because of a limited range of frequencies that can be measured by an available vector network analyzer. The required gap or width of metallic traces can be widened significantly by using the proposed single-polarized unit cells to acquire the same in-plane capacitance or inductance. This enables the lens operating at higher-frequency under the process limits in fabricable fine traces. Finally, the effectiveness of the simulated design procedure is demonstrated by fabricating a 60 GHz thin lens that can achieve a gain enhancement of 16 dB for a 4 × 4 patch antenna array with a gain of 16.5 dBi.

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Millimeter-Wave Thin Lens Using Multi-Patch Incorporated Unit Cells for Polarization-Dependent Beam Shaping

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Large-Aperture Metamaterial Lens Antenna for Multi-Layer MIMO Transmission for 6G

Large-Aperture Metamaterial Lens Antenna for Multi-Layer MIMO Transmission for 6G

$4\times8$ Patch Array-Fed FR4-Based Transmit Array Antennas for Affordable and Reliable 5G Beam Steering

Affordable Thin Lens Using Single Polarized Disparate Filter Arrays for Beyond 5G toward 6G

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