Millimetre-wave beam-switching rotman lens antenna designs on multi-layered LCP substrates

A low‐profile 28‐GHz Rotman lens‐fed array beamformer for 5G conformal subsystems

“…The lens device has been realized on the Rogers ULTRALAM 3850HT flexible LCP substrate, with the dielectric constant of ε r = 2.9, loss tangent of tan δ = 0.0025, substrate thickness of h = 0.18 mm, and copper cladding of t = 17.5 μ m, as in Refs. . Figures and present the simulated and realized RL‐BFN, as well as the measurement setup for the subsystem testing, respectively.…”

“…In this regard, generating multiple beams using an array along with having wide bandwidth and electronic beam steering capability are of crucial importance for the 5G communication systems . For this purpose, the lens‐based switched‐beam networks are effectively employed to have control over the amplitude and phase at each element of the antenna array . This would lead to the feasibility of implementing the networks according to the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic properties of the site‐specific bearing surfaces, as well as the configurations of the intended infrastructures at the APs .…”

“…2,3 For this purpose, the lens-based switched-beam networks are effectively employed to have control over the amplitude and phase at each element of the antenna array. 4,5 This would lead to the feasibility of implementing the networks according to the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic properties of the sitespecific bearing surfaces, as well as the configurations of the intended infrastructures at the APs. 6,7 This work has undertaken the thorough design and performance analysis of a lensbased beamforming network (BFN) that is bent under the introduced conformal flexure, to be used in the integrated modules for the 5G systems.…”

Design and Performance Analysis of Millimetre-Wave Rotman Lens-Based Array Beamforming Networks for Large-Scale Antenna Subsystems

“…The design equations provide the method for thoroughly designing the mm-wave beamformers shown in recyclable, and multi-environmental LCP laminates, with the dielectric constant of ε r = 2.9, loss tangent of tan δ = 0.0025, substrate thickness of h = 0.18 mm, and top-and bottom-cladding of t = 17.5 µm, as in [37][38][39][40][41], with the port-pointing enabled; i.e., the beam and array ports are adjusted so that the boresight of each taper points to the centre of the opposite contour, rather than being normal to the lens surface; in order to enhance the performance of the proposed Rotman lenses.…”

Analytical and Numerical Evaluations of Flexible v-Band Rotman Lens Beamforming Network Performance for Conformal Wireless Subsystems

“…In the development of the flexible and conformable high-frequency components, substrate materials are crucial to the deployment of the low-cost and power-efficient broadband wireless systems [28,29]. In this regard, Rogers ULTRALAM 3850HT liquid-crystal polymer (LCP) flexible and recyclable laminates exhibit significant combination of the electrical, thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties, for the improved construction of the high-speed mm-wave devices and systems at higher temperatures (i.e., the permeation of gases through the material is not affected by the humidity) [30][31][32][33]. The LCP material has low moisture absorption and can also withstand chemical exposure, as well as temperature variations, and further exhibits dielectric constants of 2.9-3.1 and loss tangent less than 0.005, throughout the RF range up to 110-GHz, with a substrate thickness of 100 µm [34].…”