Millimetre-wave rain induced attenuation: theory and experiment

Filho, F. C. Medeiros; Cole, R. S.; Sarma, A. D.

doi:10.1049/ip-h-2.1986.0054

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Rainfall is a significant impediment that obstructs the propagation of mm‐wave signals from transmitter to receiver. Millimeter‐wave signals can be absorbed, scattered, depolarized, and diffracted by rain . This can restrict the propagation of mm‐wave signals, causing high signal attenuation loss through the effective propagation path length (km) measured in dB/km.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rain attenuation harshly increases when the frequency, rain density, or effective length are increased. This attenuation reduces the reliability, availability, and degraded the overall performance of the communications link . As a result, rain attenuation is a real and concerning issue facing the implementation of mm‐waves, especially in tropical regions with consistent heavy rainfall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions

Shayea

Rahman

Azmi

et al. 2018

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Millimeter waves (mm‐waves) within frequency bands of 10 to 86 GHz will be used for both microwave and access link fifth‐generation (5G) systems. Thus, it is very important to investigate these bands to ensure reliability when 5G is applied in tropical regions like Malaysia in the coming few years. One of the major obstacles facing the propagation of mm‐waves in tropical regions is the rain attenuation. Rainfall results in the absorption, scattering, and diffraction of radio waves. This contributes to increased transmission losses and a reduction in the received signal levels. The effect is more severe in tropical regions that are characterized by intense heavy rainfall and large raindrop sizes. This paper provides a general overview on rain attenuation of mm‐wave bands. It highlights the nature of rain in tropical regions and its effects on the propagation of mm‐waves. It also reports the latest measurement studies focused on rain attenuation in mm‐wave frequency bands and the prediction methods used to estimate rain attenuation in mm‐waves. It contributes to the understanding of channel behavior and the characterization of mm‐wave bands during rainfall in tropical regions, especially in Malaysia. This study further strives to determine research gaps in this field as well as the future work and various propagation measurement systems that can be used to conduct real measurements and to develop prediction models for rain attenuation in mm‐waves for 5G systems. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the rain rate and rain attenuation on the basis of real measurement data conducted in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia at Skudai Campus, Malaysia. The analyzed results indicated that the rain attenuation at 38 GHz is critical and it can result in 18.4 dB/km as specific rain attenuation at 0.01% percentage of the time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions

Shayea

Rahman

Azmi

et al. 2018

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…An electromagnetic wave propagating through a region containing raindrops suffer two attenuating mechanisms. Part of its energy is absorbed by raindrops and transformed into heat and another part is scattered in all directions, which may introduce unwanted or interfering signals into the communication receiver that may mask the desired signal [ Medeiros Filho et al , 1986; Crane , 1996; Cermak et al , 2005]. The solution of these scattering problems is mostly obtained for simple raindrop geometry such as sphere [ Medeiros Filho et al , 1986].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Part of its energy is absorbed by raindrops and transformed into heat and another part is scattered in all directions, which may introduce unwanted or interfering signals into the communication receiver that may mask the desired signal [ Medeiros Filho et al , 1986; Crane , 1996; Cermak et al , 2005]. The solution of these scattering problems is mostly obtained for simple raindrop geometry such as sphere [ Medeiros Filho et al , 1986]. However, this assumption is not obviously true especially for raindrops with higher diameters [ Cermak et al , 2005], which assumes a flattened shape at the bottom and rounded at the top which becomes more pronounced as the rain diameter increases [ Pruppacher and Pitter , 1971].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This makes the raindrops to be model as oblate spheroids with the scattering problem solution being studied by several authors [ Oguchi , 1973; Morrison and Cross , 1974; Uzunoglu et al , 1977]. Rain consists of drops of various sizes [ Medeiros Filho et al , 1986; Cermak et al , 2005], and therefore the prediction of rain attenuation depends considerably upon the raindrop‐size distribution and the forward scattered electromagnetic wave of the raindrops [ Medeiros Filho et al , 1986; Jiang et al , 1997].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of rain attenuation from electromagnetic scattering by spherical raindrops: Theory and experiment

Odedina

Afullo

2010

Radio Sci.

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[1] The forward scattering amplitudes for the spherical raindrops are determined for all raindrop sizes at different frequencies by using the Mie scattering theory. The real parts of the extinction cross sections are used to generate power law models at different frequencies. These are integrated over different established raindrop-size distribution models to formulate rain attenuation models. Using the developed rain attenuation models with 5 year rain rate statistics at R 0.01 determined in previous work, the specific rain attenuation is computed. The experimental results obtained from the horizontally polarized signal level measurements recorded in Durban for different rain attenuation bounds are compared with the theoretical results. Finally, the best theoretical model is used to estimate the seasonal cumulative distribution of rain attenuation for Durban, South Africa.Citation: Odedina, M. O., and T. J. Afullo (2010), Determination of rain attenuation from electromagnetic scattering by spherical raindrops: Theory and experiment, Radio Sci., 45, RS1003,

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Rain attenuation and worst month statistics verification and modeling for 5G radio link system at 26 GHz in Malaysia

Shayea

Nissirat

Nisirat

et al. 2019

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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The explosive daily dependence on wireless communication services necessitates the research to establish ultrawideband communication systems with ultrahigh bit rate transmission capabilities. The advent of the fifth-generation (5G) microwave link transmitting at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency band is a promising technology to accommodate the escalating demand for wireless services. In this frequency band, however, the behavior of the transmission channel and its climatic properties are a major concern. This is of particular importance in tropical regions where the climate is mainly rainy with large raindrop size and high rainfall rate that may interact destructively with the propagating signal and cause total attenuation for the signal. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) introduced a global rain attenuation model to characterize the effect of rain on the propagating signal at a wideband of frequencies. The validity of this model in tropical regions is still an open question for research. In this paper, real measurements are conducted at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia, to investigate the impact of rain on the propagation of mm-waves at 26 GHz over the microwave 5G radio link system. Rainfall rate and rain attenuation data sets are collected for one year at one sample per min sampling rate. Both data sets are used to estimate signal propagation conditions in comparison to the ITU model prediction. From the presented results, it is found that at 0.01% percentage of time and rainfall rate of about 120 mm/hr, the propagated signal would experience 26.2 dB losses per kilometer traveled. In addition, there is a significant deviation between the empirical estimation of the worst month parameters and the ITU worst month parameter prediction. Similarly, rainfall rate and rain attenuation estimated through the ITU model imposes a large deviation as compared with the measurements. Furthermore, more accurate empirical worst month parameters are proposed that yielded more accurate estimation of the worst month rainfall and rain attenuation predictions in comparison to the ITU model predictions. Trans Emerging Tel Tech. 2019;30:e3697. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ett

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Millimetre-wave rain induced attenuation: theory and experiment

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions

Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions

Determination of rain attenuation from electromagnetic scattering by spherical raindrops: Theory and experiment

Rain attenuation and worst month statistics verification and modeling for 5G radio link system at 26 GHz in Malaysia

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