Milling Characteristics of Tungsten Carbide based Self Lubricant Cutting Tool Material

Muthuraja, A.; Senthilvelan, S.

doi:10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.532

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Furthermore, the required work to produce the same amount of WC particles in each technique was defined based on RPM, time, and ball-to-powder (BP) ratio and was compared to the ratio of WC production in both techniques. As previously discussed, the ball mill (Insmart System PBM07 with 400 RPM) with a 5:1 ball-to-powder ratio after 40 h of ball milling produced particles ranging between 1 and 3 μm, which were approximately 85% WC particles . The ball mill used in this paper operated with a 9:10 BP ratio, and after 6 h of ball milling, it produced 8.24% WC particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…In line with the optimization of centrifugation techniques, the duration of ball milling had to be optimized to increase the WC particle yield while maintaining the shape and size of the WC particles. It is paramount to note that excessive ball milling would ultimately increase the size and would change the shape of WC particles . It has been shown that after 100 h of ball milling, the average WC particle sizes increased from 9–11 to 13 μm, which was associated with the nucleation of particles during ball milling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average size of WC particles produced by the adsorption of tungstate oxyanions on activated carbon substrates is around 2 μm. It is worth mentioning that the average WC particle sizes produced by conventional techniques are around 9–11 μm; however, the grain size of tungsten carbide for most applications lies in the range of 1–2 μm, and to reduce the average WC particle sizes from 9–11 to 1–3 μm, the WC particles require 40 h of ball milling . Therefore, a technique to produce WC particles in the range of 1–2 μm would eliminate further ball milling of WC particles, which is required in the conventional techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth mentioning that the average WC particle sizes produced by conventional techniques are around 9−11 μm; 8 however, the grain size of tungsten carbide for most applications lies in the range of 1−2 μm, 9 and to reduce the average WC particle sizes from 9−11 to 1−3 μm, the WC particles require 40 h of ball milling. 10 Therefore, a technique to produce WC particles in the range of 1−2 μm would eliminate further ball milling of WC particles, which is required in the conventional techniques. Ball milling of WC particles in the conventional technique is therefore significantly more energy-intensive (40 h for a ball-topowder ratio of 5:1) than that of the activated carbon substrate loaded with WC particles (6 h for a ball-to-powder ratio of 9:10), which will be explained shortly.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liberation and Separation of Ultrafine Tungsten Carbide Particles from an Activated Carbon Substrate

Davis

Downey

2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Production of fine-grained tungsten carbide is expensive due to the energy-intensive techniques employed in traditional commercial operations. Recent research has shown that ultrafine (<2 μm) tungsten carbide particles can be produced by the adsorption of tungstate oxyanions on an activated carbon substrate followed by reduction and carburization at elevated temperature under a controlled furnace atmosphere. The thermal processing step is effective at temperatures substantially lower than those used in commercial practice. However, the carbide particles remain bonded to the surfaces of the larger carbon particles. Liberation and separation of the carbide particles have proved challenging, and the literature suggests that comminution and classification at this scale have not been thoroughly investigated. This paper describes the development of a highly effective method for liberation, separation, and purification of ultrafine tungsten carbide particles. It is paramount to note that to maintain the energy efficiency of the technique and to avoid any unwanted changes to size and shape and also to avoid the agglomeration of WC particles due to heat, any techniques that could have introduced a significant amount of heat during liberation and separation of WC particles had to be avoided. This resulted in the elimination of techniques such as burning off the activated carbon substrate or any exothermic chemical reactions, which posed another significant challenge on the liberation and separation of WC particles. Taken together, physical liberation (ball milling) and separation (centrifugation) were proved to be highly effective to achieve the aforementioned goals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liberation and Separation of Ultrafine Tungsten Carbide Particles from an Activated Carbon Substrate

Davis

Downey

2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Solid powder lubrication is characterized by a wide temperature range, easy cooling, no oil, low friction coefficient, and its ability to lubricate under severe and special conditions; thus, this type of lubrication has been widely used in aerospace, casting, milling and other fields (Wang and Liu, 2008;Muthuraja and Senthilvelan, 2016;Piasecki et al, 2017). For example, grease lubricants fail under high temperature and pressure whereas solid lubricants can achieve better lubrication effect to improve service life of dies in hot stamping molding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological properties of MoS2 powder-lubricated interface

Tong

Zhang³

2021

ILT

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the effect of MoS2 powder on tribological properties of sliding interfaces. Design/methodology/approach Loose MoS2 powder was introduced in the gap of point-contact friction pairs, and sliding friction test was conducted using a testing machine. Friction noise, wear mark appearance, microstructure and wear debris were characterized with a noise tester, white-light interferometer, scanning electron microscope and ferrograph, respectively. Numerical simulation was also performed to analyze the influence of MoS2 powder on tribological properties of the sliding interface. Findings MoS2 powder remarkably improved the lubrication performance of the sliding interface, whose friction coefficient and wear rate were reduced by one-fifth of the interface values without powder. The addition of MoS2 powder also reduced stress, plastic deformation and friction temperature in the wear mark. The sliding interface with MoS2 powder demonstrated lower friction noise and roughness compared with the interface without powder lubrication. The adherence of MoS2 powder onto the friction interface formed a friction film, which induced the wear mechanism of the sliding interface to change from serious cutting and adhesive wear to delamination and slight cutting wear under the action of normal and shear forces. Originality/value Tribological characteristics of the interface with MoS2 powder lubrication were clarified. This work provides a theoretical basis for solid-powder lubrication and reference for its application in engineering. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-04-2020-0150/

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Experimental Investigation on Dewaxed Tungsten Carbide-Based Self-lubricant Cutting Tool Material

Muthuraja

2019

Advances in Forming, Machining and Automation

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Milling Characteristics of Tungsten Carbide based Self Lubricant Cutting Tool Material

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Liberation and Separation of Ultrafine Tungsten Carbide Particles from an Activated Carbon Substrate

Liberation and Separation of Ultrafine Tungsten Carbide Particles from an Activated Carbon Substrate

Tribological properties of MoS2 powder-lubricated interface

Experimental Investigation on Dewaxed Tungsten Carbide-Based Self-lubricant Cutting Tool Material

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