Miltenberger phenotypes are glycophorin variants: a review

Lomas‐Francis, Christine

doi:10.1111/j.1751-2824.2011.01503.x

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Use of RBCs from GP.Mur homozygote donors could help in detecting weak antibodies. In addition, screening for GP.Mur homozygotes in blood centers is also important since individuals with U+ and GP.Mur homozygous phenotype could make antibodies against the U antigen, resulting in incompatible transfusion . Using the qPCR assay, we identified two GYP*Mur homozygotes (2.1%) in the 97 Mi a ‐positive Asian American donors, which is less frequent than in the GP.Mur‐prevalent areas such as 3.9% (2/51) in Guangzhou, China …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GYP genes have similar exon structure. However, in the GYPB gene, due to a point mutation (g > t) at the acceptor splice site, Exon 3 of GYPB becomes a pseudo‐exon, which is spliced out from the RNA transcript . Conversion events between GYPA and GYPB genes result in glycophorin hybrid alleles, including GYP(A‐B) , GYP(B‐A‐B) , GYP(A‐B‐A) , and GYP(B‐A) hybrid genes .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the GYPB gene, due to a point mutation (g > t) at the acceptor splice site, Exon 3 of GYPB becomes a pseudo‐exon, which is spliced out from the RNA transcript . Conversion events between GYPA and GYPB genes result in glycophorin hybrid alleles, including GYP(A‐B) , GYP(B‐A‐B) , GYP(A‐B‐A) , and GYP(B‐A) hybrid genes . In the GYP(A‐B‐A) hybrids, parts of GYPA Exon 3 are replaced by corresponding sequences of the GYPB Pseudo‐Exon 3, resulting in variant alleles such as GP.Vw, GP.Hut, GP.Nob, GP.Joh, and GP.Dane .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversion events between GYPA and GYPB genes result in glycophorin hybrid alleles, including GYP(A‐B) , GYP(B‐A‐B) , GYP(A‐B‐A) , and GYP(B‐A) hybrid genes . In the GYP(A‐B‐A) hybrids, parts of GYPA Exon 3 are replaced by corresponding sequences of the GYPB Pseudo‐Exon 3, resulting in variant alleles such as GP.Vw, GP.Hut, GP.Nob, GP.Joh, and GP.Dane . In the GYP(B‐A‐B) hybrids, portions of the 3′ end of the GYPB Pseudo‐Exon 3 are replaced by the corresponding GYPA sequences, restoring the donor splice site in Intron 3 and giving rise to several variants including GP.Mur, GP.Hop, GP.Bun, GP.HF, and GP.Kip …”

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confidence: 99%

“…According to their unique serologic profiles, the Miltenberger subsystem was expanded from the initial four to as many as 14 classes . The Mi a antigen is carried on six hybrid glycophorins: GP.Vw, GP.Hut, GP.Mur, GP.Hop, GP.Bun, and GP.HF; whereas the Mur antigen is carried on five variants: GP.Mur, GP.Hop, GP.Bun, GP.Dane, and GP.Kip . These hybrid glycophorins are relatively rare in most populations, and are generally treated as low‐frequency blood group antigens .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hybrid glycophorin and red blood cell antigen genotyping in Asian American type O blood donors with Mi^a phenotype

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUND The GP.Mur glycophorin with Mia phenotype is relatively common and clinically significant in the Southeast Asian populations. The aim of this study is to genotype Mia‐positive Asian American type O blood donors. Red blood cell (RBC) minor antigens were also determined in the same cohort. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Asian American blood donors of the Gulf Coast Regional Blood Center (Houston, TX) were screened using a typing reagent (NOVACLONE Anti‐Mia Monoclonal IgG Typing Reagent, Dominion Biologicals Ltd) from March 2016 to July 2018. Aliquots of Mia‐positive blood from type O donors were subjected to serologic confirmation using Mia‐ and/or Mur‐specific GAMA210 and 64D6 monoclonal antibodies, and two human antisera. Extracted genomic DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using GYP hybrid gene/allele‐specific primers followed by bidirectional Sanger sequencing. Zygosity for GYP*Mur and GYP*Bun was determined using TaqMan real‐time PCR assay. Phenotypes of 35 RBC antigens and three phenotypic variants were determined with use of an in vitro diagnostic test, PreciseType HEA Molecular BeadChip Test (Immucor). RESULTS By screening 4600 blood donations in the Houston metropolitan area, 209 samples from 103 unique donors were identified to be Mia‐positive. By PCR and sequencing analysis, 97 of the 103 Mia‐positive donors carried hybrid genes GYP*Mur (89.7% including two homozygotes), GYP*Bun (6.2%), GYP*Vw (3.1%) and GYP*Hut (1.0%). Concordance between serology and DNA analysis was 98%, 99%, and 100% for the GAMA210, 64D6, and human antisera, respectively. Genotyping of RBC antigens showed that the Mia‐positive donors were predominantly associated M+ N‐ S‐ s+ (48.5%) and M+ N+ S‐ s+ (38.1%) phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS The GP.Mur glycophorin is most prevalent in the Mia‐positive Asian American type O blood donors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid glycophorin and red blood cell antigen genotyping in Asian American type O blood donors with Mi^a phenotype

et al. 2019

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Molecular Detection of Glycophorins A and B Variant Phenotypes and their Clinical Relevance

Hassan

Kannan

Mohamad

et al. 2019

Transfusion Medicine Reviews

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Expedited CO2 respiration in people with Miltenberger erythrocyte phenotype GP.Mur

Hsu

Kuo

Yao

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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In Southeast Asia, Miltenberger antigen subtype III (Mi.III; GP.Mur) is considered one of the most important red blood cell antigens in the field of transfusion medicine. Mi.III functions to promote erythrocyte band 3 expression and band 3-related HCO3− transport, with implications in blood CO2 metabolism. Could Mi.III affect physiologic CO2 respiration in its carriers? Here, we conducted a human trial to study the impacts of Mi.III expression in respiration. We recruited 188 healthy, adult subjects for blood typing, band 3 measurements, and respiratory tests before and after exercise. The 3-minute step exercise test forced the demand for CO2 dissipation to rise. We found that immediately following exercise, Mi.III + subjects exhaled CO2 at greater rates than Miltenberger-negative subjects. Respiration rates were also higher for Mi.III + subjects immediately after exercise. Blood gas tests further revealed distinct blood CO2 responses post-exercise between Mi.III and non-Mi.III. In contrast, from measurements of heart rates, blood O2 saturation and lactate, Mi.III phenotype was found to be independent of one’s aerobic and anaerobic capacities. Thus, Mi.III expression supported physiologic CO2 respiration. Conceivably, Mi.III + people may have advantages in performing physically enduring activities.

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Miltenberger phenotypes are glycophorin variants: a review

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Hybrid glycophorin and red blood cell antigen genotyping in Asian American type O blood donors with Mi^a phenotype

Hybrid glycophorin and red blood cell antigen genotyping in Asian American type O blood donors with Mi^a phenotype

Molecular Detection of Glycophorins A and B Variant Phenotypes and their Clinical Relevance

Expedited CO2 respiration in people with Miltenberger erythrocyte phenotype GP.Mur

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Miltenberger phenotypes are glycophorin variants: a review

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Hybrid glycophorin and red blood cell antigen genotyping in Asian American type O blood donors with Mia phenotype

Hybrid glycophorin and red blood cell antigen genotyping in Asian American type O blood donors with Mia phenotype

Molecular Detection of Glycophorins A and B Variant Phenotypes and their Clinical Relevance

Expedited CO2 respiration in people with Miltenberger erythrocyte phenotype GP.Mur

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Hybrid glycophorin and red blood cell antigen genotyping in Asian American type O blood donors with Mi^a phenotype

Hybrid glycophorin and red blood cell antigen genotyping in Asian American type O blood donors with Mi^a phenotype