Miltenberger Subsystem of the MNSs Blood Group System

Abstract

The Miltenberger (Mi) classes represent a group of phenotypes for red cells that carry low frequency antigens associated with the MNSs blood group system. The antigens of this system are known to be located on two sialogly- coproteins denoted as glycophorin A (GP A) and GP B. The structural alterations of seven (classes I, II, III, V, VI, VII, Vili) Mi variants and a related variant (J. L.) have been elucidated. Based on these data and yet incomplete studies of the Mi antigens, the approximate structural alterations in class IV and IX may be predicted. In addition, knowledge of the various structures and partial characterization of the Mi antigens allows one to propose detailed hypotheses concerning the epitopes recognized by the various antibodies that define the Mi subsystem. The understanding of the Mi subsystem at the molecular level paves the way for future studies aimed at a more detailed elucidation of epitopes of Mi-related antibodies, the characterization of novel Mi variants and a search for hypothetical, hitherto unknown Mi-related antibodies.

Genomic typing of human red cell Miltenberger glycophorins in a Taiwanese population

“…Antigens of persons of the Mi.I, Mi.II, Mi.VII, Mi.VIII, and Mi.IX phenotypes are encoded by GPA‐B ‐A genes ( Mi.I , Mi.II , Mi.VII , Mi.VIII , and Mi.IX genes, respectively), which result from the insertion of a short piece of GPB pseudo‐exon III gene into GPA exon III. The size of these insertions varies from 1 bp to 16 bp 16,19–24 . There was a 1‐bp difference between Mi.I (ATG) and Mi.II (AAG) at nt 847 and a 1‐bp difference between Mi.VII (TCC) and Mi.VIII (TAC) at nt 919 of these insertions 5 .…”

MNSs Blood Groups and Major Glycophorins

“…""' "" Serological and biochemical properties of Miltenberger complex antigens were reviewed recently (Tippett et al, 1992;Dahr, 1992}, and reactions with specific antisera that form the basis for classification of these phenotypes are summarized in Table I.…”

“…namely, a shared region encompassing nt 918 of intron 3 and nt 7 of ex on IV ( Figure 4). Although both protein products contain a junction sequence formed between GPA ex on III and GPB ex on IV, the determinants are Hil for GPMiV and S 1 L or Tsen for GPMiXI (Tippett et al, 1992;Dahr, 1992) ( Figure 5, Table II). This epitopic difference is the result of participation of two separate GPB alleles in the hybrid formation.…”

“…Several excellent reviews appeared recently dealing with the antigenic features of the MNSs blood group system (Tippett et a!., 1992;Dahr, 1992) and the biochemical properties of GPA and GPB (Cartron et al, 1990;Anstee, 1990;Huang et al, 1991a;Cartron and Rahuel, 1992;Lutz and Dzik, 1992;Chasis and Mohandas, 1992). Others gave the particulars of the molecular characterization of this gene family (Cartron et al, 1990;Fukuda, 1993).…”

Hybrid glycophorin and red blood cell antigen genotyping in Asian American type O blood donors with Mia phenotype

“…The first four classes of glycophorins in the Miltenberger (Mi) subsystem were phenotypically characterized using four human sera, including Verweyst (Vw), Miltenberger (Mi a ), Murrell (Mur), and Hill (Hil) . According to their unique serologic profiles, the Miltenberger subsystem was expanded from the initial four to as many as 14 classes . The Mi a antigen is carried on six hybrid glycophorins: GP.Vw, GP.Hut, GP.Mur, GP.Hop, GP.Bun, and GP.HF; whereas the Mur antigen is carried on five variants: GP.Mur, GP.Hop, GP.Bun, GP.Dane, and GP.Kip .…”