Mimicry diversification in
 Papilio dardanus
 via a genomic inversion in the regulatory region of
 engrailed
 –
 invected

Timmermans, Martijn J. T. N.; Srivathsan, Amrita; Collins, Steve C.; Meier, Rudolf; Vogler, Alfried P.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.0443

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Some of the most dramatic cases of polymorphism involve multiple colour-morphs that function as Batesian mimics of sympatric toxic species. In particular, some butterfly populations contain individuals with distinctive colour patterns that strongly resemble those of multiple co-occurring “models” that are avoided by visually-hunting predators 5 , 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-dependent Batesian mimicry maintains colour polymorphism in a sea snake population

Shine

Brown

Goiran

2022

Sci Rep

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Evolutionary theory suggests that polymorphic traits can be maintained within a single population only under specific conditions, such as negative frequency-dependent selection or heterozygote advantage. Non-venomous turtle-headed sea snakes (Emydocephalus annulatus) living in shallow bays near Noumea in New Caledonia exhibit three colour morphs: black, black-and-white banded, and an intermediate (grey-banded) morph that darkens with age. We recorded morph frequencies during 18 consecutive years of surveys, and found that the numbers of recruits (neonates plus immigrants) belonging to each morph increased in years when that morph was unusually rare in the population, and decreased when that morph was unusually common. Thus, morph frequencies are maintained by negative frequency-dependent selection. We interpret the situation as Batesian mimicry of highly venomous sea snakes (Aipysurus, Hydrophis, Laticauda) that occur in the same bays, and range in colour from black-and-white banded to grey-banded. Consistent with the idea that mimicry may protect snakes from attack by large fish and sea eagles, behavioural studies have shown that smaller fish species in these bays flee from banded snakes but attack black individuals. As predicted by theory, mimetic (banded) morphs are less common than the cryptically-coloured melanic morph.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-dependent Batesian mimicry maintains colour polymorphism in a sea snake population

Shine

Brown

Goiran

2022

Sci Rep

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“…The median length of genes is 4.0 kb, with the majority (51.7%) consisting of four exons or fewer. The number of gene predictions is higher than in genome annotations for species in the genus Papilio, such as Papilio dardanus (12, 795, Timmermans et al . 2020) and P. bianor (15, 375, Lu et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome sequence of the scarce swallowtail, Iphiclides podalirius

Mackintosh

Laetsch

Baril

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The scarce swallowtail, Iphiclides podalirius (Linnaeus, 1758), is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. Here we present a chromosome-level genome assembly for I. podalirius as well as gene and transposable element annotations. We estimate heterozygosity within different partitions of the genome and find a negative correlation between chromosome length and heterozygosity at fourfold-degenerate sites. This high quality genome assembly, the first for any species in the tribe Leptocircini, will be a valuable resource for population genomics in the genus Iphiclides and comparative genomics more generally.

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“…2016, unpublished data). This species provides a unique opportunity to study the genomic basis of dual mimicry to assess whether the trait is controlled by loci known to control sexual dimorphism [2,17], mimicry [6,18,19] or both. In addition, the experimental advantages of this variable and widespread species might allow identification of loci that play an important role in the tremendous morphological diversity of its congeners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution and genetics of sexually dimorphic ‘dual’ mimicry in the butterflyElymnias hypermnestra

et al. 2021

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Sexual dimorphism is a major component of morphological variation across the tree of life, but the mechanisms underlying phenotypic differences between sexes of a single species are poorly understood. We examined the population genomics and biogeography of the common palmfly Elymnias hypermnestra , a dual mimic in which female wing colour patterns are either dark brown (melanic) or bright orange, mimicking toxic Euploea and Danaus species, respectively. As males always have a melanic wing colour pattern, this makes E. hypermnestra a fascinating model organism in which populations vary in sexual dimorphism. Population structure analysis revealed that there were three genetically distinct E. hypermnestra populations, which we further validated by creating a phylogenomic species tree and inferring historical barriers to gene flow. This species tree demonstrated that multiple lineages with orange females do not form a monophyletic group, and the same is true of clades with melanic females. We identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the colour patterning gene WntA that were significantly associated with the female colour pattern polymorphism, suggesting that this gene affects sexual dimorphism. Given WntA 's role in colour patterning across Nymphalidae, E. hypermnestra females demonstrate the repeatability of the evolution of sexual dimorphism.

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Mimicry diversification in Papilio dardanus via a genomic inversion in the regulatory region of engrailed – invected

Cited by 19 publications

References 69 publications

Frequency-dependent Batesian mimicry maintains colour polymorphism in a sea snake population

Frequency-dependent Batesian mimicry maintains colour polymorphism in a sea snake population

The genome sequence of the scarce swallowtail, Iphiclides podalirius

The evolution and genetics of sexually dimorphic ‘dual’ mimicry in the butterflyElymnias hypermnestra

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