“…Studies show that the parental skills of people abusing substances are weaker than those of other parents and that such individuals are exposed to maleficent characteristics, such as child abuse and neglect. In research, parents with addictions have been observed to be unable to meet their children's needs, show less warmth, inflict more punishment on the children and to supervise their children less than other parents (e.g., Lee et al, 2021; Söderström & Skårderud, 2013). On the other hand, despite excessive substance abuse, parents may be caring and trying to fulfil the expectations of them as parents (e.g., Peled et al, 2012).…”