Mind the gap: A classification system for integrating the subsolum into soil surveys

Juilleret, Jérôme; Dondeyne, Stefaan; Vancampenhout, Karen; Deckers, Jozef; Hissler, Christophe

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.08.031

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For a given geological substratum, and according to rock weathering and pedological processes, the regolith can be partitioned into three main units (Velde and Meunier, 2008;Juilleret et al, 2016), namely, from top to bottom: 1) the solum, which is the "true soil", where pedogenetic processes are dominant, 2) the subsolum, corresponding to weathered materials where the original rock structure is preserved and geogenic processes still dominate (depending on the degree of weathering the saprock and/or saprolite can be distinguished), and 3) the hard bedrock.…”

Section: Conceptual Resistivity Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several soil pits and drillings were done in the catchment in order to describe its regolith structure and mineralogical and chemical properties ( Figure 1). Based on the visual inspection of soil pits and core drillings and particle size distribution analysis and porosity measurements (Juilleret et al, 2011;Wrede et al, 2015;Juilleret et al, 2016;Martínez-Carreras et al, 2016;Moragues-Quiroga et al, 2017;Scaini et al, 2017), Figure 2a-c shows a mean schematic representation of the soil-to-substratum continuum. The three main units of this structure are characterized as follows:…”

Section: Study Area Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large-scale ERT surveys for investigating shallow regolith properties and architecture

Laurent

Clément

Juilleret

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Within the Critical Zone, regolith plays a key role in the fundamental hydrological function of water collection, storage, mixing and release. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is recognized as a remarkable tool for characterizing the geometry and properties of the regolith, overcoming limitations inherent to conventional borehole-based investigations. However, ERT measurements with a high vertical resolution remain restricted to shallow depths, essentially due to the requirement of small electrode spacing increments (ESI). Under these circumstances, the use of ERT measurements for large horizontal surveys remains cumbersome and time-consuming. Here we focus on the need to optimize the ESI parameter in order to adequately characterize the subsurface fabric. We use a set of synthetic three-layered soil–saprock/saprolite–bedrock models in combination with a field dataset. We demonstrate that oversized ESI can significantly affect our perception of shallow subsurface structures by missing important layers and increasing the ill-posed inverse problem effects. More precisely, we document how a thin surficial layer can influence inverted ERT results and cause a resistivity bias, both at the surface and at deeper horizons. To overcome this limitation, we propose adding interpolated levels of surficial apparent resistivity based on a limited number of ERT profiles with small ESI. We demonstrate that our protocol significantly improves the accuracy of ERT profiles based on large ESI. Our protocol is time and cost efficient – especially in the case of large-scale ERT surveys.

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Section: Conceptual Resistivity Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Area Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale ERT surveys for investigating shallow regolith properties and architecture

Laurent

Clément

Juilleret

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Fenicia et al, 2014;Glaser et al, 2019b) and experimental studies (e.g. Martínez-Carreras et al, 2016;Juilleret et al, 2016;Scaini et al, 2017;Glaser et al, 2018), Rodriguez and Klaus (in review) proposed a perceptual model of streamflow generation in the Weierbach. In this model, the first and flashy peaks of double-peaked hydrographs are generated by precipitation falling directly into the stream, by saturation excess flow from the near-stream soils, and by infiltration excess overland flow in the riparian area.…”

Section: Study Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the truncation of travel times with StorAge Selection functions using deuterium and tritium as tracers

Rodriguez

Pfister

Zehe

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Catchment travel time distributions (TTDs) are an efficient concept to summarize the time-varying 3-dimensional transport of water and solutes to an outlet in a single function of water age and to estimate catchment storage by leveraging information contained in tracer data (e.g. 2H and 3H). It is argued that the increasing use of the stable isotopes of O and H compared to tritium as tracers has truncated our vision of streamflow TTDs, meaning that the long tails associated with old water are neglected. However, the reasons for the truncation of the TTD tails are still obscured by methodological and data limitations. In this study, we went beyond these limitations and tested the hypothesis that streamflow TTDs calculated using only deuterium (2H) or only tritium (3H) are different. We similarly tested if the mobile catchment storage (derived from the TTDs) associated with each tracer is different. For this we additionally constrained a model successfully developed to simulate high-frequency stream deuterium measurements with about 30 stream tritium measurements over the same period (2015–2017). We used data from the forested headwater Weierbach catchment (42 ha) in Luxembourg. The streamflow TTDs were estimated in unsteady conditions by using both tracers coherently within a framework based on StorAge Selection (SAS) functions. We found equal TTDs and equal mobile storage between the 2H- and 3H-derived estimates. The truncation hypothesis was thus rejected. The small differences we found could be explained by the calculation uncertainties and by a limited sampling frequency for tritium. Using both stable and radioactive isotopes of H as tracers reduced the age and storage uncertainties. Although tritium and stable isotopes had redundant information about younger water, using both tracers better exploited the more specific information about longer ages that 3H inherently contains, and it could be even better in the next decades. The two tracers thus had overall different information contents. Tritium was however slightly more informative and cost-effective than stable isotopes for travel time analysis. We thus reiterate the call of Stewart et al. (2012) to measure tritium in the streams for travel time analysis, and emphasize the need for high-frequency tritium sampling in future studies to match the resolution in stable isotopes.

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“…Colluvic material that is thicker than 20 cm can be described by the qualifier of ‘colluvic’ in several Reference Soil Groups. Recently, Juilleret et al () proposed a WRB‐inspired subsolum classification system that can be applied in soil classification systems. They introduced a diagnostic material (i.e.…”

Section: Definitions Concepts and Classification Of Colluvium And Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation, morphology and classification of colluvial soils: a review

Zádorová

žek

2018

European J Soil Science

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Summary Colluvial soils have received increased attention in different fields of environmental and geoarchaeological research over the past two decades. However, their pedological functions and status as specific soil units have seldom been discussed. The concepts and general understanding of the term ‘colluvial soil’ often vary; the definition of this term is vague and thus requires standardization. In this paper we define colluvial soils as soil units that underwent a specific profile development and record characteristics formed by specific processes. We also review and summarize concepts and definitions of colluvial soils in the geosciences, describe their morphology and properties, assess a typical colluvial profile and propose a new definition and inclusion of colluvial soils in soil classification systems. We suggest that colluvial soils should be defined as either (i) colluvisols, which are recent undeveloped soils formed by the periodic rejuvenation of a soil profile because of the accumulation of eroded topsoil or (ii) colluvium‐derived soils, which are soils that developed from colluvia that underwent various pedogenetic processes. The proposed criteria for the classification of colluvisols highlight (i) the accumulation of eroded soil material as the primary process in the formation of colluvisols, (ii) their specific terrain positions and (iii) the different types of development of colluvisol profiles. Highlights Concepts and general understanding of the term ‘colluvial soil’ vary and need standardization. We distinguish two types of colluvial soil: colluvisols and colluvium‐derived soils. We define three types of colluvisols reflecting variation in stratigraphy of their profiles. We propose internationally applicable criteria for identification and classification of colluvisols.

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Mind the gap: A classification system for integrating the subsolum into soil surveys

Cited by 58 publications

References 14 publications

Large-scale ERT surveys for investigating shallow regolith properties and architecture

Large-scale ERT surveys for investigating shallow regolith properties and architecture

Testing the truncation of travel times with StorAge Selection functions using deuterium and tritium as tracers

Formation, morphology and classification of colluvial soils: a review

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