Mind the sheep! User experience evaluation & brain-computer interface games

Abstract

i introduction 1 1 brain-computer interfaces and games 3 1.1 Defining BCI 4 1.1.1 Acquiring Brain Activity (Imaging Modalities) 5 1.1.2 Interpreting Brain Activity (Neuromechanisms) 7 1.1.3 Interacting via Brain Activity 9 1.2 BCI Games 12 1.2.1 Motivations for Playing BCI Games 13 1.2.2 An Overview of BCI Games 16 2 user experience evaluation and games 21 2.1 User Experience 21 2.2 Concepts for UX Evaluation of Games 25 2.2.1 Pre-Game User Experience 26 2.2.2 In-Game User Experience 27 2.2.3 Post-Game User Experience 31 2.2.4 Playability 33 2.3 Data Collection Methods for UX Evaluation of Games 34 2.3.1 Quantitative Methods 36 2.3.2 Qualitative Methods 37 3 evaluating user experience of bci games 41 3.1 State of the Art 41 3.1.1 Data Collection 41 3.1.2 Data Processing and Analysis 42 3.1.3 Results 43 3.2 Problem Statement 44 3.3 Methodology of the Thesis 46 3.3.1 Equalised Comparative Evaluation 47 3.3.2 Experimental Game: Mind the Sheep! 48 3.4 Overview of the Thesis 54 3.5 Contributions of the Thesis 54 ii studies 57 4 evaluating social interaction and co-experience 59 4.1 Related Work 59 4.1.1 Social Interaction Evaluation 59 4.1.2 UX Evaluation with Multi-Player BCI Games 61 4.2 Methodology 61 4.2.1 Evaluating Social Interaction 61 4.2.2 ECE Details 62 4.2.3 Pilot Study: Optimising BCI Performance 63 xi xii contents 4.3 Experiment 64 4.3.1 Setup 64 4.3.2 Participants 65 4.3.3 Results 66 4.4 Discussion 67 4.4.1 Speech 67 4.4.2 Instrumental Gestures 69 4.4.3 Utterances and Empathic Gestures 70 5 evaluating immersion and affect 73 5.1 Related Work 73 5.2 Methodology 74 5.3 Experiment 74 5.3.1 Setup 74 5.3.2 Participants 75 5.3.3 Analysis 76 5.3.4 Results 76 5.4 Discussion 77 6 evaluating ux independent of novelty 81 6.1 Related Work 81 6.2 Methodology 82 6.2.1 ECE Details 82 6.2.2 Questionaries 83 6.2.3 Evaluating UX With Respect to Expectations 84 6.2.4 Modality Switching Behaviour and UX 86 6.3 Experiment 86 6.3.1 Setup 86 6.3.2 Participants 87 6.3.3 Analysis 88 6.3.4 Results 89 6.4 Discussion 93 6.4.1 Questionnaire and Log Results 93 6.4.2 SUXES Results 97 6.4.3 Modality Switching Results 98 iii conclusion 103 7 implications of the studies 105 7.1 Answering the Research Question 105 7.1.1 Challenging Control 105 7.1.2 Cognitive Involvement 106 7.1.3 Novelty 107 7.2 Reversing the Research Question 107 7.2.1 Challenging Control 107 7.2.2 Cognitive Involvement 108 7.2.3 Novelty 109 contents xiii 7.3 How to Evaluate the UX of BCI Games? 109 7.3.1 Data Collection Methods 109 7.3.2 UX Related Concepts 111 7.3.3 Participant Selection and Treatment 111 7.3.4 Comparing BCI to Other Modalities 112 8 limitations of the thesis and future work 115 8.1 The Game and BCI Hardware 115 8.2 UX Evaluation 116 8.3 Participants 118 iv appendix 121 a experimental material 123 a.1 Call for Participation in the Third Study1 Also known as imaging modalities in neuroscience but we will not refer to them as modalities so as not to cause any conflict with the HCI definition of modality.'To be' in the game world aim 'to be' in the virtu...

A Game Development for Android Devices Based on Brain Computer Interface Flying Brain

“…Interaction rates are considered for machines that require human-computer interaction, the need for a natural intuitive user interface that estimate and understand our intentions and show the characteristics of human-human interaction is increasing [7].…”

“…Today, the movements received from the user with the help of the camera, sounds and recent eye-tracking technology and EEG devices are used as input devices for players. Invasive EEG cannot be evaluated in terms of HCl [7], noninvasive EEG devices are used for the games.…”

“…When BCI is considered in the context of the game, it is thought that the cerebral activity can be considered as a skill or not and if this is true, it is also considered that this capacity can be increased [7].…”

Brain-computer interface games for hedonic experiences

“…that is played partly using a mouse and partly using BCI. 3,4 The game world contains fences, a number of sheep that move autonomously, three dogs that are moved by players, and other elements representing a meadow: see Figure 1). The aim is to fence the sheep in as quickly as possible by herding them with their dogs.…”

“…on user experience, we conducted three studies, experimenting with a total of 57 people. 3 Participants played the game alone or with other people and we collected data about their playing experience using interviews, questionnaires, …”