The majority of mental health problems first emerge during the adolescent years (Kessler et al., 2005). Thus, adolescence is a critical developmental window for both mental health prevention and intervention. Despite improvements in our understanding and ability to detect and treat youth mental health problems, there remains a persistent need for mental health services among youth, with the majority of youth untreated (Cummings et al., 2013;Merikangas et al., 2011). Among youth who do get treatment, there is often a long gap between the onset of symptoms and when youth first receive treatment (de Girolamo et al., 2012), as well as low treatment attendance and completion in this population. As rates of mental health problems such as depression and suicidality continue to rise during adolescence (Centers for Disease Control, 2018), the gap between those who need and receive mental health services will only continue to grow.In this chapter, we review the potential for technology to advance our understanding and treatment of mental health problems among adolescents through digital mental health interventions (DMHIs). We first discuss existing barriers to mental health care among adolescents, followed by a discussion of how DMHIs can address these barriers to improve access to and quality of adolescent mental health services. We then review existing research on DMHIs and the digital frameworks that are used to collect and deliver psychoeducation, assessment, and interventions across different hardware (e.g., smartphones, computers) and modalities (e.g., online, text, apps). Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the current limitations of DMHIs and key directions for the field to improve adolescent mental health care using DMHIs.
Barriers to Existing Mental Health ServicesSignificant, and often systemic, barriers interfere with access and delivery of mental health services for adolescents, including barriers related to cost, geographic proximity, and time, among others. These barriers oftenWe would like to thank Woanjun Lee, BA for his contributions to the tables for this chapter. Jessica L.