Mindfulness and Cognitive Training Interventions in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Impact on Cognition and Mood

Reynolds, Gretchen O.; Willment, Kim; Gale, Seth A

doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.10.041

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, results that significant treatment effect sizes did not substantially differ between measures focused on attention (g = 0.192-0.370) versus other cognitive domains (g = 0.192-0.675) provide more evidence of far-transfer effects. Taken together, these findings concur with accruing evidence for far-transfer effects (Pandya, 2020;Reynolds, Willment, & Gale, 2021;Sprague et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Mindfulness Enhances Cognitive Functioning: A Meta-Analysis of 111 Randomized Controlled Trials

Zainal¹,

Newman²

2020

Preprint

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Background: The past 30 years have witnessed growing scientific interest regarding the impact of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on cognitive functions. Several theories propose that habitually exercising mindfulness skills can improve cognitive abilities, but no comprehensive quantitative reviews of the effect of MBIs on global and unique cognitive domains exist to date. Method: This systematic review thus examined the effects of MBI on global cognitive ability (GCA) and 16 specific cognitive domains. MBI randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that administered cognitive tests pre- and post-treatment were included. Open-trials, non-randomized MBIs, and case-control studies were excluded. Keywords included “mindful*,” AND “executive attention (EA),” OR “working memory (WM).” Robust variance estimation and moderator analyses were conducted. Results: Ninety-five RCTs (n = 7,408) met eligibility criteria. MBI (vs. waitlist or no-treatment) had small-to-moderate significant effects on GCA, WM accuracy, inhibition accuracy and latency, EA, sustained attention accuracy, processing speed, and subjective attentional control (SAC) (g = 0.24 – 0.52). Likewise, MBI (vs. active control) had small-to-moderate positive effects on GCA, orienting, EA, WM accuracy, sustained attention (indexed by intra-individual coefficient of variation), and SAC (average g = 0.17 – 0.41). Age, gender, study quality, treatment duration, publication year, retention, statistical analysis, and country, moderated some treatment effects. Publication bias analyses showed that reliable treatment effects were restricted to EA, WM accuracy, inhibition accuracy, sustained attention, and SAC, depending on the control group. Conclusion: MBIs confer notable neuropsychological benefits and dose-response effects on some specific (vs. global) cognitive domains. Limitations, theoretical, and applied implications are discussed. (Note: This paper has not been peer reviewed. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission.)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Mindfulness Enhances Cognitive Functioning: A Meta-Analysis of 111 Randomized Controlled Trials

Zainal¹,

Newman²

2020

Preprint

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“…Apart from progressive cognitive and functional deterioration, depressive and anxiety symptoms are not only prevalent in people with neurocognitive disorders (NCD), they also jeopardize life quality and poses risks to patients and carers. However, meta-analysis studies on antidepressant treatment in people with dementia and behavioral disturbances showed variable treatment effects ( 11 , 12 ). Adjuvant non-drug measures, including lifestyle modifications, may have a role for optimization of mood symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness Awareness Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults With Neurocognitive Disorders

et al. 2021

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Background: Apart from depressive disorders, there are great interests in adopting mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) for other mental health conditions. Depression and anxiety are common in people with neurocognitive disorders (NCD). The potential of MBIs as an adjuvant treatment in this cognitively at-risk group should be further explored.Objectives: The current study explored the association between depression and anxiety symptoms with dispositional mindfulness in older adults, and if same association stays in the context of cognitive impairment.Methods: The Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey for Older People (MMSOP) is an ongoing epidemiology study of the prevalence of neurocognitive and mental disorders in adults aged 60 years or over in Hong Kong. MMSOP evaluated cognitive function, psychiatric symptoms (Clinical Interview Schedule-revised, CIS-R), chronic physical disease burden, psychosocial support, and resilience factors, including dispositional mindfulness as measured by the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). We analyzed the impact of MAAS on CIS-R and potential moderation effects of mindfulness.Results: In March 2021, 1,218 community dwelling participants completed assessments. The mean age of the sample is 69.0 (SD 6.9) years. Eight hundred and two participants (65.7%) were not demented (CDR 0) and 391 (32%) and 25 (2%) were categorized as having mild NCD (CDR 0.5) and major NCD (CDR 1 or more), respectively. One hundred forty-three (11.7%) satisfied ICD-10 criteria for anxiety or depressive disorder as measured by CIS-R. Linear regression analysis showed that female gender, CIRS, and MAAS scores were significant factors associated with CIS-R scores. MAAS scores moderated and attenuated the impact CIRS on CIS-R (adjusted R2 = 0.447, p < 0.001). MAAS scores remained as significant moderator for CIRS in patients with NCD (CDR ≥ 0.5) (adjusted R2 = 0.33, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Interim findings of the MMSOP suggested that dispositional mindfulness is associated with lower level of mood symptoms in community dwelling older adults in Hong Kong. The interaction effects further suggested that high mindful awareness may reduce the adverse effects of chronic physical morbidity on mental health. The observation stayed in the participants with cognitive impairment. We should further explore MBIs as a non-pharmacological treatment for in older adults at-risk of physical morbidity and cognitive decline.

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“…They focused on self-development (A1,2,7,11) and made efforts to maintain their individual identities (A1,2,5,6,7,9,11). To do this, caregivers focused on time (A2,4,5,10,11) and tried to make them feel separated from their time caring for the patient (A1,2,4,5,6,7,9,10,11), realizing the importance of rest and trying to secure the time necessary for su cient rest (A1, 2,4,5,6,10,11). Creating temporal space for themselves in these ways was recognized as an effective method to cope with their di cult situations.…”

Section: Rediscovering An Independent Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dementia is a disease caused by various disorders or injuries that affect the brain, such as Alzheimer's disease or stroke, resulting in cognitive impairment, which affects mental abilities very important for maintaining daily life, including memory, understanding, learning, language, and judgment [3]. Cognitive impairment generally accompanies or precedes changes in mood, emotion, control, and behavior [4]. Because their condition is a neurological disease accompanied by cognitive impairment, most dementia patients have no choice but to live as highly dependent beings [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rediscovering one’s identity: A qualitative meta-synthesis study on the resilience experiences of family caregivers of patients with dementia

Chang¹,

Kim²

2022

Preprint

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Aims: To integrate the results of qualitative research on the resilience experiences of family caregivers for patients with dementia.Design: A qualitative meta-synthesis study was conducted. Methods: Five electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science) were used in a comprehensive literature search. We used meta-ethnography methods and systematically reviewed. Results: Through the process, three themes emerged: ‘Seeing life as a caregiver as one’s duty’, ‘Setting boundaries in life’, ‘Moving forward toward a developing life.’ These themes illustrated how family caregivers of patients with dementia overcome the adversities they encounter. Conclusion: This study shows the positive power of family caregivers of patients with dementia possess for overcoming their difficult situation. The results of this study suggest an important direction that can lead to positive ways to solve the problems of caring for dementia patients while reducing the suffering of caregivers and improving their quality of life.

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Mindfulness and Cognitive Training Interventions in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Impact on Cognition and Mood

Cited by 27 publications

References 119 publications

Mindfulness Enhances Cognitive Functioning: A Meta-Analysis of 111 Randomized Controlled Trials

Mindfulness Enhances Cognitive Functioning: A Meta-Analysis of 111 Randomized Controlled Trials

Mindfulness Awareness Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults With Neurocognitive Disorders

Rediscovering one’s identity: A qualitative meta-synthesis study on the resilience experiences of family caregivers of patients with dementia

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