Mindfulness Interventions

Creswell, J. David

doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-042716-051139

Cited by 1,154 publications

(1,070 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…In addition to recent clinical interest in MT, a literature on MT's neural effects has emerged (see Fox et al 2014Fox et al , 2016. Theoretical accounts suggest that the health-related benefits and neural correlates of MT are tied to functional improvements in cognitive processing that result from regular engagement in MT practices (Creswell 2017;Goldin and Gross 2010;Lutz et al 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Short-Form Mindfulness Training Protects Against Working Memory Degradation over High-Demand Intervals

et al. 2017

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Periods of persistent and intensive demands may compromise working memory (WM) and increase susceptibility to distraction. We investigated if mindfulness training (MT) may mitigate these deleterious effects and promote cognitive resilience in military cohorts enduring a high-demand interval of military training. To better understand which aspects of MT programs are most beneficial, three military cohorts were examined. Two groups received 8-h variants of an MT course, Mindfulness-based Mind Fitness Training (MMFT)®, with one group emphasizing in-class training exercises (M8T, n = 40) and the other emphasizing didactic content (M8D, n = 40). A third group received no training (NTC, n = 46). Performance on a delayed-recognition WM task that varied mnemonic load (1 vs. 2 items) and delayspanning valenced distraction (negative vs. neutral images) was measured before (T1) and after (T2) an 8-week interval. Overall, task accuracy (% correct) was greater on low-vs. high-load trials, as well as trials with neutral vs. negative distraction. Task accuracy did not change over time in a civilian cohort (N = 22). Yet, it declined from T1 to T2 in the military cohorts, with the greatest degradation in NTC, followed by M8D, and near stable performance from T1 to T2 in M8T. This time by group effect significantly varied with load, but not with distracter valence. While NTC's performance degraded over time for both low-and high-load trials, M8D's performance degraded only for high load, and M8T did not show performance degradation for either load condition. These results suggest that MT may protect against WM degradation over high-demand intervals, with training-focused MT programs offering the greatest benefits for maintaining performance in high-load conditions.

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confidence: 99%

Short-Form Mindfulness Training Protects Against Working Memory Degradation over High-Demand Intervals

et al. 2017

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“…This could then ultimately result in better affect control (17), higher stress resilience (14,18), and a more positive and personally satisfying life experience (2). Given cultural, social, and contextual constraints on the display of behavior, it is possible that this inner experience might not readily pass the "mind-life barrier."…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis. We computed Pearson correlations between the FFMQ total score 2 and the 2 The analyses reported in this manuscript use an FFMQ total score containing all five subscales of the measure. Baer et al, 2006 suggests dropping the Observing subscale in non-meditating populations, and thus analyses were also run using a Four-Factor FFMQ total score.…”

Section: Study 2: Actual Associations Between Self-reported Trait Minmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…distress, anxiety, rumination, and difficulties with emotion regulation (2,12). Trait mindfulness is also positively correlated with the personality traits of agreeableness (a tendency to be sympathetic and affectionate), and conscientiousness (a tendency to be thorough and deliberate), and negatively associated with neuroticism (a tendency to be anxious and moody) (13).…”

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Dispositional Mindfulness in Daily Life: A Naturalistic Observation Study

Kaplan¹,

Milek²,

Tackman³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Mindfulness has seen an extraordinary rise as a scientific construct, yet surprisingly little is known about how it manifests behaviorally in daily life. The present study identifies assumptions regarding how mindfulness relates to behavior and contrasts them against actual behavioral manifestations of trait mindfulness in daily life. Study 1 (N = 427) shows that mindfulness is assumed to relate to emotional positivity, quality social interactions, prosocial orientation and attention to sensory perceptions. In Study 2, 185 participants completed a gold-standard, self-reported mindfulness measure (the FFMQ) and underwent naturalistic observation sampling to assess their daily behaviors. Trait mindfulness was robustly related to a heightened perceptual focus in conversations. However, it was not related to behavioral and speech markers of emotional positivity, quality social interactions, or prosocial orientation. These findings suggest that the subjective and self-reported experience of being mindful in daily life is expressed primarily through sharpened perceptual attention, rather than through other behavioral or social differences. This highlights the need for ecological models of how dispositional mindfulness “works” in daily life, and raises questions about the measurement of mindfulness.

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“…Wong et al (2016) proposed mindfulness as a possible non-pharmacological intervention to improve cognitive abilities and therefore prevent the development of AD. Mindfulness can be considered as non-judgemental awareness that arises from training your attention to be in the present moment (Creswell, 2017). At the moment, there is no cure or treatment that can slow down or stop the progression of AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Mindfulness Beat Alzheimer's Disease?

Heutz¹

2017

MJLA

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The purpose of this paper is to identify to what extent the development of Alzheimer's disease can be delayed or prevented through the use of mindfulness-based interventions. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in which accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) play an important role. This leads to neuronal cell death and synaptic degeneration, especially in the default-mode network (DMN). No current effective treatment is available. Mindfulness has been related to an increase in volume and connectivity of the exact brain areas affected in AD. Therefore, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), meditation and yoga have been tested in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI is seen as a transitional state between healthy age-related cognitive decline and AD pathology, hence an open window for early intervention. In this paper it is found that mindfulness has great potential to prevent AD-related pathology of the DMN, hence decreasing cognitive decline in people with MCI.

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Mindfulness Interventions

Cited by 1,154 publications

References 133 publications

Short-Form Mindfulness Training Protects Against Working Memory Degradation over High-Demand Intervals

Short-Form Mindfulness Training Protects Against Working Memory Degradation over High-Demand Intervals

Dispositional Mindfulness in Daily Life: A Naturalistic Observation Study

Can Mindfulness Beat Alzheimer's Disease?

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