Mindfulness is Inversely Associated with Alcohol Attentional Bias Among Recovering Alcohol-Dependent Adults

Garland, Eric L.; Boettiger, Charlotte A.; Gaylord, Susan; Chanon, Vicki W.; Howard, Matthew O.

doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9378-7

Cited by 94 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…To identify the presence of a pain AB at baseline, RTs to target probes replacing pain-related images were compared to RTs to neutral images with a paired t test. For hypothesis testing, AB scores were calculated separately for trials in which cues were presented for 2,000 and 200 ms with a formula used in prior studies of the dot probe task [27,29,44]. The AB score was calculated for each stimulus duration by subtracting the individual mean RT on trials when the probe was in the same position as the pain images from the individual mean RT on trials when the probe was in the same position as the neutral images, such that positive AB scores indicate an AB toward pain cues.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Denominator degrees of freedom were obtained by a Satterthwaite approximation [47]. Power analysis was conducted with G-Power software using a medium-large effect size estimate derived from an earlier trial demonstrating the effects of MORE on AB to alcohol cues among alcohol-dependent individuals (ηρ 2 = 0.23 in that trial) [29]. The two-way interaction between time and intervention was the parameter of interest.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesized that participants in MORE would exhibit significantly larger decreases in pain AB following treatment than participants in a support group control condition. In light of research suggesting a relationship between mindfulness and attentional disengagement [29,30], we hypothesized that decrements in pain AB would be more pronounced for longer-duration stimuli (2,000 ms) than for brief stimulus exposures (200 ms). Clinimetric analysis (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement Reduces Pain Attentional Bias in Chronic Pain Patients

Garland¹,

Howard²

2013

Psychother Psychosom

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131

129

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Background: Chronic pain involves hypervigilance for pain-related stimuli. Selective attention to pain-related stimuli, known as pain attentional bias (AB), can exacerbate chronic pain, prolong suffering, and undermine quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine if a multimodal mindfulness-oriented intervention could significantly reduce pain AB among chronic pain patients receiving opioid analgesics. Methods: A total of 67 chronic pain patients were randomized to an 8-week Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) intervention or a social support group intervention and began treatment. A dot probe task was used to measure pain AB. Primary outcomes were pain AB scores for cues presented for 2,000 and 200 ms. Results: Prior to intervention, participants exhibited a significant bias towards pain-related cues presented for 2,000 ms, but no bias for cues presented for 200 ms. A statistically significant time × intervention condition interaction was observed for 2,000 ms pain AB, such that participants in MORE evidenced significantly reduced posttreatment pain AB relative to pretreatment levels, whereas no significant pre-post treatment changes in pain AB were observed for support group participants. Decreases in pain AB were associated with increased perceived control over pain and attenuated reactivity to distressing thoughts and emotions. Conclusion: Study findings provide the first indication that a mindfulness-oriented intervention may reduce pain AB among adults suffering from chronic pain. Given the magnitude of chronic pain in postindustrial societies, coupled with the dramatic escalation in prescription opioid misuse, future studies should evaluate MORE as a nonpharmacological means of addressing factors linked with chronic pain.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement Reduces Pain Attentional Bias in Chronic Pain Patients

Garland¹,

Howard²

2013

Psychother Psychosom

Self Cite

131

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In this way, individuals with higher levels of trait mindfulness might be less likely to resort to alcohol use as a way of coping with aversive experiences and less likely to subsequently develop problematic alcohol use. Indeed, trait mindfulness is negatively associated with alcohol use in both college student populations (Bramm et al, 2013; Christopher et al, 2012) and clinical populations (Bowen and Enkema, 2014; Garland et al, 2012). However, this association is inconsistent across studies (Brooks et al, 2012; Eisenlohr-Moul et al, 2012; Shorey et al, 2014), likely due to the varied conceptualizations and measurements of trait mindfulness across studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Association Between Trait Mindfulness and Alcohol Use Behaviors Among College Students

Karyadi

Cyders

2015

Mindfulness

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Trait mindfulness has been considered a protective factor against alcohol use behaviors; however, the specific trait mindfulness facets, the specific alcohol use behaviors, and the mechanism underlying this relationship remain unclear. The present study examined the relationship between specific trait mindfulness facets and specific alcohol use behaviors, and how cued alcohol cravings might mediate this relationship. High-risk, young adult, undergraduate social drinkers (n = 240, 75% Caucasian, 70% female, mean age 19.4 years) completed a series of questionnaires and reported their level of alcohol cravings following alcohol pictorial cue exposure. Trait mindfulness was associated with less problematic alcohol use (r = -0.19, p < 0.01), but was not associated with alcohol use quantity (r = -0.07, p = 0.30) and duration (r = -0.08, p = 0.21). Only acting with awareness was associated with all types of alcohol use behaviors—including less problematic alcohol use (β = -0.18, p = 0.02), lower alcohol use quantity (β = -0.16, p = 0.04), and shorter alcohol use duration (β = -0.19, p = 0.02). Cued alcohol cravings mediated the negative associations of overall trait mindfulness (b = -0.50, p < 0.05) and acting with awareness (b = -0.32, p < 0.05) with problematic alcohol use, and the negative associations of acting with awareness with alcohol use quantity (b = -1.24, p < 0.05) and alcohol use duration (b = -0.34, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the protective effect of trait mindfulness likely operates through reducing cued alcohol cravings and might be most specific to acting with awareness among college students, thus suggesting a differential role of separate trait mindfulness facets in this high risk group.

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“…Mindfulness is a process by which a person can maintain his/her functional stability and provides the probability of being flexible in new situations (Cardaciotto, 2005). Mindfulness is a psychological process which is characterized by awareness and nonreactive acceptance (Garland, Boettiger, Gaylord, West Channon, & Howard, 2012). It seems that those who, after traumatic events, are decided to accept the situation without severe psychological reactions will suffer less from psychological post-traumatic effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparison of Experimental Avoidance, Mindfulness and Rumination in Trauma-Exposed Individuals With and Without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in an Iranian Sample

Basharpoor

Shafiei

Daneshvar

2015

Archives of Psychiatric Nursing

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The aim of this study was to compare experimental avoidance, mindfulness and rumination in trauma-exposed individuals with and without PTSD in an Iranian sample. The method of the study was retrospective. The statistical population of the study composed of all people under the auspices of Committee on Relief or Martyr Foundation because of exposure to at least one traumatic event in Gilan-Gharb city (Iran) (N=1708). One hundred people, selected randomly by stratified sampling method, responded to Mississippi PTSD scale and the questionnaires of experimental avoidance, mindfulness and rumination individually. Subjects were divided into two groups of with and without PTSD based on Mississippi PTSD scale and structured clinical interview. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test was used for analyzing data. Results showed that although the mean scores of the group with PTSD were significantly higher than the group without PTSD in variables of experimental avoidance (P<0/001, F=63/8) and rumination (P<0/001, F=21/34), the mean scores of the group with PTSD were significantly lower than the group without PTSD in the overall score of mindfulness (P<0/05, F=6/64) and variables of observing (P<0/05, F=8/27) and action description (P<0/05, F=9/19). These results show that the experimental avoidance and rumination are as the risk factors and mindfulness as the protective factor PTSD in people faced with trauma.

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Mindfulness is Inversely Associated with Alcohol Attentional Bias Among Recovering Alcohol-Dependent Adults

Cited by 94 publications

References 45 publications

Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement Reduces Pain Attentional Bias in Chronic Pain Patients

Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement Reduces Pain Attentional Bias in Chronic Pain Patients

Elucidating the Association Between Trait Mindfulness and Alcohol Use Behaviors Among College Students

The Comparison of Experimental Avoidance, Mindfulness and Rumination in Trauma-Exposed Individuals With and Without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in an Iranian Sample

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