Mindfulness Practice, Rumination and Clinical Outcome in Mindfulness-Based Treatment

Hawley, Lance L.; Schwartz, Danielle R.; Bieling, Peter; Irving, Julie; Corcoran, Kathleen; Farb, Norman A. S.; Anderson, Adam K.; Segal, Zindel V.

doi:10.1007/s10608-013-9586-4

Cited by 137 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the mindfulness literature, this finding is not uncommon. Although positive associations have been found between intensity of formal home practice (‘prescribed’ home work exercises each week) in MBSR and MBCT courses and outcomes such as rumination and relapse to depression, no relationships were found with amount of informal home practice (any other mindfulness practices, outside of the prescribed home work, i.e., mindful walking the dog, mindful washing the dishes) (Crane et al 2014; Hawley et al 2014). The lack of associations in the current study might be explained by the difficulties in measuring home practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindful2Work: Effects of Combined Physical Exercise, Yoga, and Mindfulness Meditations for Stress Relieve in Employees. A Proof of Concept Study

et al. 2016

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Work-related stress and associated illness and burnout is rising in western society, with now as much as almost a quarter of European and half of USA’s employees estimated to be at the point of burnout. Mindfulness meditation, yoga, and physical exercise have all shown beneficial effects for work-related stress and illness. This proof of concept study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of the newly developed Mindful2Work training, a combination of physical exercise, restorative yoga, and mindfulness meditations, delivered in six weekly group sessions plus a follow-up session. Participants (n = 26, four males), referred by company doctors with (work-related) stress and burnout complaints, completed measurements pre and post the intervention, as well as at 6-week (FU1) and 6-month (FU2) follow-up. Results showed very high feasibility and acceptability of the Mindful2Work training. The training and trainers were rated with an 8.1 and 8.4 on a 1–10 scale, respectively, and training dropout rate was zero. Significant improvements with (very) large effect sizes were demonstrated for the primary outcome measures of physical and mental workability, and for anxiety, depression, stress, sleep quality, positive and negative affect, which remained (very) large and mostly increased further over time. Risk for long-term dropout from work (checklist individual strength [CIS]) was 92 % at pre-test, reduced to 67 % at post-test, to 44 % at FU1, and 35 % at FU2, whereas employees worked (RTWI) 65 % of their contract hours per week at pre-test, which increased to 73 % at post-test, 81 % at FU1 and 93 % at FU2. Intensity of home practice or number of attended sessions were not related to training effects. To conclude, the newly developed Mindful2Work training seems very feasible, and acceptable, and although no control group was included, the large effects of Mindful2Work are highly promising.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindful2Work: Effects of Combined Physical Exercise, Yoga, and Mindfulness Meditations for Stress Relieve in Employees. A Proof of Concept Study

et al. 2016

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“…15,36,37 Other MBSR outcome studies have reported that reduced depressive symptoms may be partially explained by lower levels of rumination, a known risk factor for depression onset and symptom severity. [38][39][40] Equally likely, the decrease in depressive symptoms may arise from the practice of disengaging from depressive thoughts and recognizing that they are just mental events rather than truth-a core skill called decentering, as taught in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for chronic depression. 41 Whereas MBSR is typically taught to a heterogeneous group of community participants who share the common experience of stress but need not have a formal diagnosis, MBCT is intentionally designed as a therapy to help diagnosed patients prevent relapse of recurrent major depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Symptoms of Depression After Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: Potential Moderating Effects of Religiosity, Spirituality, Trait Mindfulness, Sex, and Age

Greeson

Smoski

Suarez

et al. 2015

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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Objective: Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is a secular meditation training program that reduces depressive symptoms. Little is known, however, about the degree to which a participant's spiritual and religious background, or other demographic characteristics associated with risk for depression, may affect the effectiveness of MBSR. Therefore, this study tested whether individual differences in religiosity, spirituality, motivation for spiritual growth, trait mindfulness, sex, and age affect MBSR effectiveness. Methods: As part of an open trial, multiple regression was used to analyze variation in depressive symptom outcomes among 322 adults who enrolled in an 8-week, community-based MBSR program. Results: As hypothesized, depressive symptom severity decreased significantly in the full study sample (d = 0.57; p < 0.01). After adjustment for baseline symptom severity, moderation analyses revealed no significant differences in the change in depressive symptoms following MBSR as a function of spirituality, religiosity, trait mindfulness, or demographic variables. Paired t tests found consistent, statistically significant ( p < 0.01) reductions in depressive symptoms across all subgroups by religious affiliation, intention for spiritual growth, sex, and baseline symptom severity. After adjustment for baseline symptom scores, age, sex, and religious affiliation, a significant proportion of variance in post-MBSR depressive symptoms was uniquely explained by changes in both spirituality (b = -0.15; p = 0.006) and mindfulness (b = -0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that MBSR, a secular meditation training program, is associated with improved depressive symptoms regardless of affiliation with a religion, sense of spirituality, trait level of mindfulness before MBSR training, sex, or age. Increases in both mindfulness and daily spiritual experiences uniquely explained improvement in depressive symptoms.

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“…Why might various components of mindfulness relate to less rumination and aggression? First, the basic attentional processes involved in mindfulness, which are represented primarily by the acting with awareness facet of the FFMQ, may facilitate awareness that rumination is occurring and the ability to redirect attention away from ruminative thought processes (Hawley et al., ) and toward concrete experiences such as physical sensations (Heeren & Philippot, ; Teasdale et al., ; van Vugt, ). Second, the attitudinal qualities of mindful attention (captured by the nonjudging and nonreactivity facets of the FFMQ) may lead to fewer critical thoughts about oneself and others that typically trigger and perpetuate rumination.…”

Section: Rumination and Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger Rumination as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Aggression: The Utility of a Multidimensional Mindfulness Model

et al. 2015

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Mindfulness Practice, Rumination and Clinical Outcome in Mindfulness-Based Treatment

Cited by 137 publications

References 40 publications

Mindful2Work: Effects of Combined Physical Exercise, Yoga, and Mindfulness Meditations for Stress Relieve in Employees. A Proof of Concept Study

Mindful2Work: Effects of Combined Physical Exercise, Yoga, and Mindfulness Meditations for Stress Relieve in Employees. A Proof of Concept Study

Decreased Symptoms of Depression After Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: Potential Moderating Effects of Religiosity, Spirituality, Trait Mindfulness, Sex, and Age

Anger Rumination as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Aggression: The Utility of a Multidimensional Mindfulness Model

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