Minding the Aging Brain: Technology-Enabled Cognitive Training for Healthy Elders

Steinerman, Joshua R.

doi:10.1007/s11910-010-0124-4

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…We also did not evaluate participants’ views about the acceptability of, or their satisfaction with the computerized ‘“games” that may have interacted with their mood. Stienermen’s comments related to technology-enabled cognitive training are also relevant here, such that group level means obscure the relative contribution of nonresponders and those with robust changes which suggests that mediating factors like personality and motivation may help inform individualized predictors of training response [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speed of processing training and depression in assisted and independent living: A randomized controlled trial

et al. 2019

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Late life depression is widely associated with lower quality of life and greater disability, making it an important target for prevention. Earlier randomized controlled trials [RCTs] demonstrated that speed of processing training [SOPT] led to reductions in depressive symptoms and clinical depression in community-dwelling adults. Our purpose was to evaluate depression outcomes related to SOPT among older adults who live in supported senior living settings. This two-arm, parallel RCT included 351 participants aged 55–102 years who resided in assisted and independent settings in 31 senior living communities. Participants were randomized within sites to computerized SOPT vs. computerized crossword puzzles with a targeted dose of 10 hours of playtime at baseline plus 4 hours of booster training at five and eleven months. Depression outcomes included the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9] scores, categorical levels, and dichotomous indicators. Random effects linear mixed effect models estimated SOPT effects in intention-to-treat complete case and multiple imputation analyses. Mean age of the sample was 81.0 years, 72.2% were women, and 41.0% resided in assisted living. At baseline 65.7% had no depression [PHQ-9 scores < 5] and 6.6% had clinically meaningful depression [PHQ-9 scores ≥ 10]. At 12 months we found significantly increased PHQ-9 scores [p = 0.006] and categorical levels [p = 0.003], and higher percentages of PHQ-2 scores > 3 [p = 0.016] and major depressive syndrome [p = 0.045] among the assisted living SOPT group. No significant change in depression was observed in the independent living SOPT or attention control groups. In summary, the SOPT known as Road Tour/Double Decision significantly increased, rather than decreased, the burden of depressive symptoms among participants residing in assisted living. Given these risks, this SOPT program should be avoided among older people in assisted living settings, and other SOPT interventions should be combined with systematic depression monitoring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speed of processing training and depression in assisted and independent living: A randomized controlled trial

et al. 2019

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“…Cognitive-based training can be divided into three major categories: cognitive stimulation, cognitive training, and cognitive rehabilitation [ 10 ]. The majority studies in conducting cognitive-based training was in the frequency of ≧3 times each week [ 11,12,13,14 ], total training weeks of ≧8 weeks [ 15,16,17 ] and total training sessions of≧24 sessions [ 15,16,18,19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cognitive-based training for the healthy older people: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

et al. 2017

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BackgroundFrom the perspective of disease prevention, the enhancement of cognitive function among the healthy older people has become an important issue in many countries lately. This study aim to investigate the effect of cognitive-based training on the overall cognitive function, memory, attention, executive function, and visual-spatial ability of the healthy older people.MethodsCochrane, PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL of selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and previous systematic reviews were searched for eligible studies. The population focused on this study were healthy older people who participated in randomized controlled trials that investigated the effectiveness of cognitive-based training. The outcomes including change in overall cognitive function, memory, attention, executive function, and visual-spatial ability.ResultsWe collected a total of 31 RCTs, the results showed that cognitive-based training has a moderate effect on overall cognitive function (g = 0.419; 95%CI = 0.205–0.634) and executive function (g = 0.420; 95%CI = 0.239–0.602), and a small effect on the memory (g = 0.354; 95%CI = 0.244–0.465), attention (g = 0.218; 95%CI = 0.125–0.311), and visual-spatial ability (g = 0.183;95%CI = 0.015–0.352) in healthy older people. Subgroup analysis indicated the intervention characteristics of ≧3 times each week (p = 0.042), ≧8 total training weeks (p = 0.003) and ≧24 total training sessions (p = 0.040) yields a greater effect size.ConclusionsCognitive-based training is effective for the healthy older people. This improvement can represent a clinically important benefit, provide information about the use of cognitive-based training in healthy older people, and help the healthy older people obtain the greatest possible benefit in health promotion and disease prevention.

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“…Several earlier studies have reported positive transfer effects of computer-based cognitive training in healthy elderly [ 38 , 44 , 45 ], but far transfer effects on tasks dissimilar to the training are not always found [ 9 , 46 ]. Beneficial effects have also been reported in stroke or other acquired brain injury populations [ 6 , 36 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus far, it is not known what the effect sizes are of the MRI outcome measures. Earlier studies that were able to reveal neural changes related to training included 11–33 participants per condition [ 9 , 10 , 37 , 38 ]. However, these studies have been conducted in healthy subjects who probably have less variability in brain anatomy and function.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of computer-based cognitive flexibility training on recovery of executive function after stroke: rationale, design and methods of the TAPASS study

et al. 2015

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BackgroundStroke survivors frequently suffer from executive impairments even in the chronic phase after stroke, and there is a need for improved rehabilitation of these functions. One way of improving current rehabilitation treatment may be by online cognitive training. Based on a review of the effectiveness of computer-based cognitive training in healthy elderly, we concluded that cognitive flexibility may be a key element for an effective training, which results in improvements not merely on trained tasks but also in untrained tasks (i.e., far transfer). The aim of the current study was to track the behavioral and neural effects of computer-based cognitive flexibility training after stroke. We expected that executive functioning would improve after the cognitive flexibility training, and that neural activity and connectivity would normalize towards what is seen in healthy elderly.Methods/designThe design was a multicenter, double blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) with three groups: an experimental intervention group, an active control group who did a mock training, and a waiting list control group. Stroke patients (3 months to 5 years post-stroke) with cognitive complaints were included. Training consisted of 58 half-hour sessions spread over 12 weeks. The primary study outcome was objective executive function. Secondary measures were improvement on training tasks, cognitive flexibility, objective cognitive functioning in other domains than the executive domain, subjective cognitive and everyday life functioning, and neural correlates assessed by both structural and resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The three groups were compared at baseline, after six and twelve weeks of training, and four weeks after the end of the training. Furthermore, they were compared to healthy elderly who received the same training.DiscussionThe cognitive flexibility training consisted of several factors deemed important for effects that go beyond improvement on merely the training task themselves. Due to the presence of two control groups, the effects of the training could be compared with spontaneous recovery and with the effects of a mock training. This study provides insight into the potential of online cognitive flexibility training after stroke. We also compared its results with the effectiveness of the same training in healthy elderly.Trial registrationThe Netherlands National Trial Register NTR5174. Registered 22 May 2015.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12883-015-0397-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Minding the Aging Brain: Technology-Enabled Cognitive Training for Healthy Elders

Cited by 18 publications

References 48 publications

Speed of processing training and depression in assisted and independent living: A randomized controlled trial

Speed of processing training and depression in assisted and independent living: A randomized controlled trial

The effect of cognitive-based training for the healthy older people: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The effect of computer-based cognitive flexibility training on recovery of executive function after stroke: rationale, design and methods of the TAPASS study

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