Minds, Brains, and Capacities: Situated Cognition and Neo-Aristotelianism

Glock, Hans‐Johann

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566385

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…4 This approach is an example of the mereological fallacy. 9,10 This fallacy is often referred to when discussing the definition or nature of consciousness. 9 The fallacy is summarised thus: 'ascribing to a part of a creature attributes which logically can be ascribed only to the creature as a whole'.…”

Section: Philosophy and Logicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining rehabilitation: An exploration of why it is attempted, and why it will always fail

Wade

2021

Clin Rehabil

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The problem: Over 187 definitions of rehabilitation exist, none widely agreed or used. Why? The word: Words represent a core concept, with a penumbra of associated meanings. A word means what is agreed among those who use it. The precise meaning will vary between different groups. Words evolve, the meaning changing with use. Other words may capture some of the concepts or meanings. A definition: A definition is used to control the unstable, nebulous meaning of a word. It delineates, creating a boundary. A non-binary spectrum of meaning is transformed into binary categories: rehabilitation, or not rehabilitation. In clinical terms, it is a diagnostic test to identify rehabilitation. There are many different reasons for categorising something as rehabilitation. Each will need its own definition. Categorisation: The ability of a definition to distinguish cases accurately must be validated by comparison with ‘the truth’. If there were an external ‘true’ test to identify rehabilitation, a definition would not be needed. As with most concepts, the only truth is agreement by people familiar with the required distinction. Any definition will generate misclassification. People familiar with the required distinction will also need to resolve mis-categorisation. Description: An alternative is a ‘descriptive definition’, listing features over several domains which must be present. This fails logically. Rehabilitation is an emergent concept, more than the sum of its parts. Conclusion: A useful definition cannot be achieved because no definition will cover all needs, and a specific definition for a purpose will misclassify some cases.

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Section: Philosophy and Logicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining rehabilitation: An exploration of why it is attempted, and why it will always fail

Wade

2021

Clin Rehabil

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“…Comparing the chart above, most indicators of cognitive load [10][11][12][13] NASA scale are at a "moderate" level by the GP residents, generally indicating that the intensity of on-site epidemic prevention and control (training) can be tolerated. However, there are still some who are not in a good state.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Did the general practice residents well adapt to real public health prevention ——a study from the COVID-19 prevention training in China

Rao

Luo

et al. 2022

BMC Med Educ

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Object GP residents’s has the obligation to take task with the public health prevetion. GP residents receive the public health training during their college study period and the residents training. The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, highlight the importance and competence of the community prevention as the front line of epidemic prevention and control, pushing the general practitioner (GP) residents into the front team of epidemic prevention and control. Residents’ participation in epidemic prevention and control is not only a field workload participation in public health disease prevention and control, but also a rare and value-oriented training experience. This study aims to explores the research on the training content, ability improvement and cognitive load of the resident, and to demonstrate past and future training effects of epidemic prevention and control. Methods Object cognitive load scale (NASA-TLX scale) and self-developed questionnaires were adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey on resident doctors who were in GP training program from West China Hospital of Sichuan University, and finally 190 questionnaires were collected. SPSS 23.0 statistical software for statistical analysis of data. Result Most indicators of cognitive load NASA scale are at a “moderate” level by the GP residents, generally indicating that the intensity of on-site epidemic prevention and control (training) can be tolerated. The chi-square test is used to study the status of “How responsible you are for epidemic prevention and control in a community in the future”, the residents grade shows no significant difference while “ how many months after the outbreak when you participated in the epidemic prevention” shows significant difference, the result show that GP residents already have konwledge and skills for the public health prevetion, they need more attitude and mental preparation. Continuing education will have a significant positive relationship with the GP residents’s confidence of the prevetion ofpublic health prevetion. Conclusion Former medical school education and training at the regulatory training stage have a good effect for residents to master the ability of epidemic prevention and control, and to prepare for the needs of epidemic prevention and control physically and mentally. After this stage, the epidemic prevention and control training under the real situation will make a great contribution to the self-assessment and performance improvement of the final general practitioners.

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“…More specifically, we claim that self-control should be understood as a quite general ability that can only be meaningfully ascribed to persons-in-context, and not to specific mechanisms happening inside their brains. One argument for this is conceptual: self-control is defined as a struggle by individuals who experience both valued goals and tempting motivations, and who take steps to resolve this struggle by deploying various skills (for more extensive arguments for this claim, see [29][30][31]). A second, empirical argument (which we will further develop in this article) is that both the values agents judge as important and the strategies they employ to resist temptations, depend critically on their relationship to the particular behaviour settings they inhabit [10].…”

Section: Situated Self-control: An Overview Of the Proposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Running away from the marshmallow: the relevance of behaviour settings for a situated science of self-control

Kalis,

Pascoe,

Segundo Ortin

2024

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The behaviour settings approach was introduced as a means to study the variability of human beings’ behaviour outside the lab. More recently, it has been argued that it also provides a fruitful avenue for developing situated accounts of cognition. This article will provide a proof of concept for the latter suggestion, focusing on the science of self-control. Self-control is the ability of individuals to pursue goals they value in the face of conflicting motivations. The hypothesis we bring forward is that this ability should be understood as a set of skills by which individuals modulate their relation to their environment, more specifically the behaviour settings they inhabit. With this conception of self-control in hand, we will take a critical look at well-known experiments involving delayed gratification tasks and propose concrete suggestions on how to improve them. This will bring us to the conclusion that the behaviour settings framework might have a valuable role to play in developing a situated science of self-control. This article is part of the theme issue ‘People, places, things and communities: expanding behaviour settings theory in the twenty-first century’.

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Minds, Brains, and Capacities: Situated Cognition and Neo-Aristotelianism

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Defining rehabilitation: An exploration of why it is attempted, and why it will always fail

Defining rehabilitation: An exploration of why it is attempted, and why it will always fail

Did the general practice residents well adapt to real public health prevention ——a study from the COVID-19 prevention training in China

Running away from the marshmallow: the relevance of behaviour settings for a situated science of self-control

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