“…Recently, a substantial body of research focused on L2 mindsets (Derakhshan, Fathi et al, 2022; Dong, 2022; Lou & Noels, 2019). Growth mindsets are linked to motivation (e.g., Lou & Noels, 2017) engagement (Sadoughi & Hejazi, 2023), academic achievement (Khajavy, MacIntyre, & Hariri, 2021), or ideal L2-self (e.g., Sadoughi et al, 2023).…”