Mineral CO2 sequestration by environmental biotechnological processes

Salek, S.S.; Kleerebezem, Robbert; Jonkers, Henk M.; Witkamp, G.J.; Loosdrecht, M.C.M. van

doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.01.005

Cited by 50 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(283 reference statements)

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“…In addition, leaching of Mount Keith and Diavik tailings using acetic acid has been shown to produce Mg-acetate solutions that foster considerable precipitation of dypingite when inoculated with a consortium of cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria [15]. Heterotrophic metabolism, nitrification, and anaerobic fermentation may generate organic acids that promote mineral dissolution, whereas alkalinity generating processes such as denitrification and methanogenesis may induce carbonate precipitation [32,97]. When considering the use of waste organics, the quantity of available carbon and the biodegradability of the waste should be considered (Table 2).…”

Section: Oxidation Of Waste Organicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these strategies have proven effective in laboratory-scale studies (e.g., [13,15,19,28,32,33]), pilot projects are crucially needed to evaluate strategies for accelerating carbon mineralization, which if successful and cost effective could be incorporated into TSF design with the purpose of sequestering CO 2 . Discussion of these strategies is followed by the proposal of two scenarios for pilot projects, which if implemented at the mine-scale could render some mining operations carbon-neutral.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategizing Carbon-Neutral Mines: A Case for Pilot Projects

et al. 2014

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Ultramafic and mafic mine tailings are a valuable feedstock for carbon mineralization that should be used to offset carbon emissions generated by the mining industry. Although passive carbonation is occurring at the abandoned Clinton Creek asbestos mine, and the active Diavik diamond and Mount Keith nickel mines, there remains untapped potential for sequestering CO 2 within these mine wastes. There is the potential to accelerate carbonation to create economically viable, large-scale CO 2 fixation technologies that can operate at near-surface temperature and atmospheric pressure. We review several relevant acceleration strategies including: bioleaching of magnesium silicates; increasing the supply of CO 2 via heterotrophic oxidation of waste organics; and biologically induced carbonate precipitation, as well as enhancing passive carbonation through tailings management practices and use of CO 2 point sources. Scenarios for pilot scale projects are proposed with the aim of moving towards carbon-neutral mines. A financial incentive is necessary to encourage the development of these strategies. We recommend the use of a dynamic real options pricing approach, instead of traditional discounted cash-flow approaches, because it reflects the inherent value in managerial OPEN ACCESS Minerals 2014, 4 400 flexibility to adapt and capitalize on favorable future opportunities in the highly volatile carbon market.

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Section: Oxidation Of Waste Organicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategizing Carbon-Neutral Mines: A Case for Pilot Projects

et al. 2014

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“…Also, CO 2 is usually released into the atmosphere during 50 regeneration of the adsorbent media used in the upgrading process [5]. Mineral carbonation is an 51 attractive alternative for the removal of CO 2 from biogas at WWTPs because it involves storing 52 the CO 2 as stable carbonate precipitate [11][12][13]. Mineral carbonation, similar to a natural 53 weathering process, utilizes calcium-and/or magnesium-rich natural ores such as wollastonite 54 (CaSiO 3 ), olivine (Mg 2 SiO 4 ), forsterite (Mg 1.82 Fe 0.18 SiO 4 ), and serpentine (Mg 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ) to 55 react with CO 2 using the following overall carbonation reaction: 56 (Mg,Ca) x Si y O x+2y+z H 2z(s) + x CO 2(g) -> x(Mg,Ca)CO 3(s) + y SiO 2(s) + z H 2 O (l) 57 [11,14].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Mineral carbonation, similar to a natural 53 weathering process, utilizes calcium-and/or magnesium-rich natural ores such as wollastonite 54 (CaSiO 3 ), olivine (Mg 2 SiO 4 ), forsterite (Mg 1.82 Fe 0.18 SiO 4 ), and serpentine (Mg 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ) to 55 react with CO 2 using the following overall carbonation reaction: 56 (Mg,Ca) x Si y O x+2y+z H 2z(s) + x CO 2(g) -> x(Mg,Ca)CO 3(s) + y SiO 2(s) + z H 2 O (l) 57 [11,14]. This reaction is dependent on: (1) the rate of CO 2 absorption in water in accordance 58 with Henry's law which is responsible for carbonic acid formation (H 2 CO 3 ) leading to a solution 59 pH decrease, and (2) the slow release of the silicate minerals which consumes protons and 60 releases cations, resulting in increased pH and alkalinity leading to the precipitation of solid 61 carbonates [11,12,15]. The mineral carbonation reaction is favored at a basic pH due to the 62 availability of carbonate ions, pK a 10 -10.3 [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of particle size and doses of olivine addition on carbon dioxide sequestration during anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge at ambient and mesophilic temperatures

Linville

Shen

Urgun‐Demirtas

et al. 2016

Process Biochemistry

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10Biogas from anaerobic digestion of sludge at wastewater treatment plants consists of methane, 11 carbon dioxide and trace contaminants which can be upgraded for utilization. Compared to 12 current costly upgrading technologies, mineral carbonation has many benefits by using natural 13 magnesium and calcium rich ores capable of sequestering CO 2 . The feasibility of olivine to 14 sequester CO 2 in-situ during batch anaerobic digestion of sludge was tested for 1) ambient versus 15 mesophilic temperatures, 2) placement of olivine in the digester, and 3) olivine particle size and 16 concentration. Increasing the temperature, increasing the olivine surface area via increased dose 17 and decreased particle size, and elevating the olivine in the reactor increased mineral carbonation 18 rates during anaerobic digestion. At mesophilic temperature, the elevated 5% w/v fine olivine 19 digester had a 17.5% reduction in CO 2 which equated to a 3.6% increase in methane content (%) 20 and at ambient temperature the same condition had a 21.7% CO 2 sequestration resulting in an 21 8.8% increase in methane content compared to the control. Response surface methodology was 22 applied for optimization of digestion time and olivine surface area at both temperatures. 23 25 olivine, wastewater treatment plants 26 27 1. Introduction 28 Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the most efficient and widely used technologies for 29 the treatment of sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) [1]. In the US, WWTPs 30 produce approximately 6.5 million tons (dry weight) of sludge annually [2]. The total energy 31 produced from WWTP sludge can potentially displace 441 million gallons of gasoline equivalent 32 per year [3]. AD technology offers numerous significant advantages, such as low energy 33 requirements [1], a reduction in pathogens and odors, and a reduction in the total solids, termed 34 biosolids, quantity by converting part of the volatile solids (VS) fraction to biogas [4]. Biogas 35 produced from AD of sludge is primarily composed of 50-70% methane (CH 4 ) and 30-50% 36 carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), with smaller amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), ammonia (NH 3 ) and 37 nitrogen (N 2 ) [3,5]. However, biogas utilization requires cleanup and upgrading processes for 38 removal of CO 2 and other contaminants. 39 The upgraded biogas can be used for the production of heat and power and/or co-40 generation, vehicle fuel and chemicals and injection into the natural gas grid [3,5]. Only 48% of 41 the total wastewater flow in the US is treated with AD [6] and less than 10% of WWTPs 42 implementing AD technology utilize biogas for heat and power generation [7]. In July 2014, the 43 US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) qualified biogas from landfills and anaerobic 44 digesters as a cellulosic transportation biofuel under the new Renewable Fuel Standards (RFS2) where the biogas can generate D3 Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) [8]. This mandate 46creates opportunity for US WWTPs to produce biogas as an economically-viable energy sour...

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pH control in biological systems using calcium carbonate

Salek

Turnhout²,

Kleerebezem

et al. 2015

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Due to its abundance, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has high potentials as a source of alkalinity for biotechnological applications. The application of CaCO3 in biological systems as neutralizing agent is, however, limited due to potential difficulties in controlling the pH. The objective of the present study was to determine the dominant processes that control the pH in an acid-forming microbial process in the presence of CaCO3. To achieve that, a mathematical model was made with a minimum set of kinetically controlled and equilibrium reactions that was able to reproduce the experimental data of a batch fermentation experiment using finely powdered CaCO3. In the model, thermodynamic equilibrium was assumed for all speciation, complexation and precipitation reactions whereas, rate limited reactions were included for the biological fatty acid production, the mass transfer of CO2 from the liquid phase to the gas phase and the convective transport of CO2 out of the gas phase. The estimated pH-pattern strongly resembled the measured pH, suggesting that the chosen set of kinetically controlled and equilibrium reactions were establishing the experimental pH. A detailed analysis of the reaction system with the aid of the model revealed that the pH establishment was most sensitive to four factors: the mass transfer rate of CO2 to the gas phase, the biological acid production rate, the partial pressure of CO2 and the Ca(+2) concentration in the solution. Individual influences of these factors on the pH were investigated by extrapolating the model to a continuously stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) case. This case study indicates how the pH of a commonly used continuous biotechnological process could be manipulated and adjusted by altering these four factors. Achieving a better insight of the processes controlling the pH of a biological system using CaCO3 as its neutralizing agent can result in broader applications of CaCO3 in biotechnological industries.

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Mineral CO2 sequestration by environmental biotechnological processes

Cited by 50 publications

References 130 publications

Strategizing Carbon-Neutral Mines: A Case for Pilot Projects

Strategizing Carbon-Neutral Mines: A Case for Pilot Projects

Effect of particle size and doses of olivine addition on carbon dioxide sequestration during anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge at ambient and mesophilic temperatures

pH control in biological systems using calcium carbonate

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