Mineral Composition of Herbage Browsed by Moose in Alaska

Kubota, Joe; Rieger, Samuel; Lazar, V.

doi:10.2307/3798864

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Mean Cu levels of grasses and low-growing legumes at Tomales Point are 4.4 and 5.1 ppm, respectively, compared to 5 and 15 ppm levels for grasses and legumes, respectively, throughout the United States (National Research Council 1977). All grasses typically contain less than 1.5 ppm Mo (Kubota et al 1970). All grasses typically contain less than 1.5 ppm Mo (Kubota et al 1970).…”

Section: Inadequate Metabolic Cu In Herbivores May Results From (1) Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Deficiency in Tule Elk at Point Reyes, California

Gogan¹,

Jessup²,

Akenson³

1989

Journal of Range Management

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Section: Inadequate Metabolic Cu In Herbivores May Results From (1) Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Deficiency in Tule Elk at Point Reyes, California

Gogan¹,

Jessup²,

Akenson³

1989

Journal of Range Management

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“…According to the requirements of manganese in domestic ruminants are less than 20 mg kg"' and both sheep and cattle can tolerate 100 mg kg"' or more. The copper concentrations of Svalbard vegetation were higher than in Norway and in moose browse from Alaska (Kubota et al 1970). From the same area in Alaska, however, copper deficiency was reported in moose (Flynn et al 1977).…”

Section: Mineral and Nutrient Balance Of The Svalbard Reindeermentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The cobalt concentrations were also very high in Svalbard compared with Norway. Kubota et al (1970) report an overall mean value for moose browse in Alaska to 0.44 ± 0.35 mg kg"' and analyses of standard food tor ruminants indicate similar or lower levels (McDonald ct al. 1978).…”

Section: Mineral and Nutrient Balance Of The Svalbard Reindeermentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of reindeer forage plants in Svalbard and Norway

et al. 1983

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Several of the most important reindeer forage plants in Svalbard were analysed for content of minerals (Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, S, Cl, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo and Co) and for content of ash, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extracts and nitrogen free extracts. Some forage plants were also examined in in vitro digestibility trials. The results were compared with results from similar analyses of alpine mountain plants from southern Norway. Also freshly voided fecal samples were analysed for the same components as the forage plants. The Svalbard vegetation had a higher content of Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, Fe and Co, than similar plants from Southern Norway. The content of other elements examined seemed to be more equal in Norway and on Svalbard. Within the Svalbard area plants growing in limestone areas had the highest content of calcium and magnesium. Also plants growing on manured soil below bird cliffs appeared to have high nutritional value. It is furthermore concluded that the closeness to the sea as well as the occurrence of several plants with high mineral content, gave the Svalbard reindeer the possibility to further improve their mineral balance compared with continental reindeer. Also the dietary shift from lichens as a major dietary component in Norway, to mosses on Svalbard, may increase mineral intake, but may also have an inferior effect on digestibility. Although balance experiments and carcass analyses of minerals in Svalbard reindeer are missing, it is concluded that Svalbard reindeer apparently had adequate intake of most mineral elements. In spite of low standing biomass of reindeer forage plants, the quality of the vegetation seemed to compare favourably with continental reindeer pasture.

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“…Deficiency symptoms and critical mineral levels are well documented (McDowell 1992, McDonald et al 1995, WallisDeVries 1996. However, it is reasonable to believe that the moose, as a ruminant, should have basic mineral requirements that are fairly similar to those in domestic ruminants (Kubota et al 1970).…”

Section: Dietary Mineral Requirement and Concentrations In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral diversity in wild plants: benefits and bane for moose

Ohlson¹,

Staaland²

2001

Oikos

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Ohlson, M. and Staaland, H. 2001. Mineral diversity in wild plants: benefits and bane for moose. -Oikos 94: 442 -454.We studied the mineral nutrition ecology of moose, Alces alces, by a comprehensive examination of concentration levels of 18 elements in browsing plants, and in rumen and distal colon contents, respectively. The plants, in total 14 species, included deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses and aquatic macrophytes. Our study was done in four sites in southern Norway and the plants were sampled in spring, summer, autumn and winter to document seasonal trends. The plants were generally characterized by low concentrations of major elements, very low phosphorus: calcium ratios, and the willow Salix aurita -a preferred browse -had high cadmium concentrations, up to 9 ppm (dry mass). Sodium concentrations in terrestrial plants were significantly under the dietary requirement, while levels were sufficient in aquatic plants, which, however, had high concentrations of toxic heavy metals. We suggest that the moose experience a nutritional dilemma as a strong physiological need for sodium results in an overintake of heavy metals. A selective intake of plants rich in heavy metals was corroborated by high heavy metal concentrations in rumen and distal colon. Over all, the plants were characterized by a marked mineral diversity due to element concentration levels that were highly variable between species and sites. Thus, there is a strong link between plant species diversity and mineral diversity, which has a pivotal role for herbivores. It is concluded that a diversity of plant species is a prerequisite for the mineral diversity that the moose needs to obtain essential minerals, not only in sufficient amounts, but also in physiologically balanced proportions.

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Mineral Composition of Herbage Browsed by Moose in Alaska

Cited by 34 publications

References 2 publications

Copper Deficiency in Tule Elk at Point Reyes, California

Copper Deficiency in Tule Elk at Point Reyes, California

Chemical composition of reindeer forage plants in Svalbard and Norway

Mineral diversity in wild plants: benefits and bane for moose

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