Mineral content of tree sap from the Subcarpathian region

Bilek, Maciej; Stawarczyk, Kinga; Gostkowski, Michał; Olszewski, Marcin; Kedziora, Katarzyna M.; Cieśłik, Ewa

doi:10.5601/jelem.2015.20.4.932

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Very high mineral content in birch tree sap has been demonstrated, including copper, zinc, manganese and magnesium. although it is variable, depending on the individuals (Bilek et al, 2015b;Bilek et al, 2016b). At the same time negligible content of harmful substances in the birch sap has been found, eg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shelf life extension and sensory evaluation of birch tree sap using chemical preservatives

Bilek

Vietoris

Ilko

2016

Potr. S. J. F. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to assess the stability of the birch tree sap, depending on the addition and concentration of two chemical factors, ie. potassium sorbate and acids: malic, citric or lactic. As in our previous studies we found that the optimal physical parameter to assess the stability of birch sap is turbidity measurement, we used turbidimeter for estimate the effectiveness of shelf life extending. Sensory evaluation was carried out by university sensory panel with 8 skilled people (students and teachers) with pre-selection and basic training of sensory methodology. On the other hand artificial perception measurements were realized by electronic nose. Birch tree sap stability without addition of preservatives, both room temperature and refrigerated, is less than three days. The effectiveness of preservation of birch tree sap depends on the concentration of acids. Independently of storage temperature, samples that received stability during the whole one-month storage period, were those with potassium sorbate and three acids in the highest concentrations, ie. malic acid at 0.3%, citric acid at 0.5% and lactic acid at 0.5%. Unfortunately, concentrations of acids, which allow extension of shelf life at least for one month in a room temperature, are characterized by the worst sensory evaluation rating. Thus, they should be corrected by the use of additives for improving the flavor, such as fruit syrups or herbal extracts. On the other hand, additionally storage in a refrigerated conditions allows one-month-stability for the sample with the highest sensory evaluation rating, ie. with the addition of lactic acid at 0.1% and potassium sorbate, which taste not need to be corrected.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shelf life extension and sensory evaluation of birch tree sap using chemical preservatives

Bilek

Vietoris

Ilko

2016

Potr. S. J. F. Sci.

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“…Correlation between 21studied mushroom species with regard to the content of detectable elements (heatmap) in mean values with presentation of a hierarchical tree plot significantly higher content of Cr and lower amount of Cd in the mushrooms studied by Doğan et al (2006) (Onder and Dursun 2006). Furthermore, in the case of T. versicolor, differences in a higher/lower content in the fruit bodies of this mushroom may be explained by its growth on Carpinus betulus L. or poplar trees (Kaszala et al 2003;Bilek et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral composition of elements in wood-growing mushroom species collected from of two regions of Poland

Mleczek

Gąsecka

Budka

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The study monitored the content of 55 elements in 21 wood-growing mushroom species collected between 2013 and 2019 from Lower and Upper Silesia in Poland. Only 27 of the elements (Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, In, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Pr, Pt, Rh, Sr, Ti, Tm, V, Y, Zn, and Zr) were detected in all mushroom species, while others (As, Au, B, Be, Bi, Ce, Co, Cr, Dy, Er, Eu, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Ho, Ir, Li, Lu, Mo, Os, Pb, Rb, Re, Ru, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Tb, Te, Th, Tl, Tm, U, and Yb) were below the limit of detection in the fruit bodies of at least one species. Wide ranges for major elements in the whole population of all the mushroom species were as follows: 15.4–470 (Ca), 6580–44,600 (K), 314–2150 (Mg), 38.0–319 (Na), and 1100–15,500 (P) mg kg−1 dm, respectively. The rank sum revealed that M. giganteus fruit bodies were the most enriched with all detectable elements, while A. mellea had the lowest content of the majority of elements. Mushrooms belonging to the Hymenochaetaceae family were characterized as some of the most enriched with the studied elements, while mushrooms of the Fomitopsidaceae family had the lowest content of elements. Similarities as well as differences between the obtained results and the available literature data confirm the important role of both mushroom species and the tree on which the fungus has grown.

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“…In light of these studies, birch sap from central Europe can be considered primarily as a rich source of minerals, mainly copper, zinc and manganese. These minerals have a comprehensive impact on, among others, the human immune and reproductive systems and on the condition of skin, hair and nails [23,24,29,30]. At the same time, it was found that birch sap has fundamental restrictions, undermining its use as a potential raw material for the food industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, it was found that birch sap has fundamental restrictions, undermining its use as a potential raw material for the food industry. It is very susceptible to anthropopressure, which is particularly visible in the content of industrial and agricultural contaminants in birch sap: heavy metals, inorganic anions, residues of plant protection products and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [30,31]. However, collecting birch sap from the forest environment, the least polluted ecosystem, solves these problems [32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of tree age, daily sap volume and date of sap collection on the content of minerals and heavy metals in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) tree sap

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the age of trees, daily sap volume as well as the term of tapping birch sap collected in the forest environment on the content of selected minerals (zinc, copper and manganese) and heavy metals (lead, nickel, chromium and cadmium). The study was performed on material taken from two stands (aged 34 and 84 years) in a moist broadleaved forest habitat with a dominant share of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth). The research results confirmed the presence of both nutritional essential minerals and hazardous heavy metals in the birch sap. At the same time, the content of minerals and heavy metals was found to be very variable and the differences between their concentrations, recorded on the same day of collecting in several trees of the same age group, can be even several dozen times higher. Depending on the examined elements, the factors influencing their content vary. The age of the trees determines only the manganese content; daily sap volume significantly affects the content of manganese and copper, and date of collection differentiates the content of zinc, lead, nickel and cadmium. The results may be interesting in the context of developing procedures for collecting birch sap for the purpose of obtaining raw material with beneficial nutritional values and a high level of health safety. For this reason, our recommendation for guaranteeing the health safety and high nutritional value of birch sap is to combine batches of raw material taken from as many trees as possible, and at the same time to publicize the fact that collecting birch sap from just one single tree may result in a raw material that is both dangerous and has no nutritional benefits.

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Mineral content of tree sap from the Subcarpathian region

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Shelf life extension and sensory evaluation of birch tree sap using chemical preservatives

Shelf life extension and sensory evaluation of birch tree sap using chemical preservatives

Mineral composition of elements in wood-growing mushroom species collected from of two regions of Poland

The effect of tree age, daily sap volume and date of sap collection on the content of minerals and heavy metals in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) tree sap

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