Mineral contents in the skin and flesh of fruits of apple cultivars

Sachini, Ricardo; Steffens, Cristiano André; Martin, Mariuccia Schlichting de; Schveitzer, Bianca; Fenili, Cristhian Leonardo; Petri, José Luiz

doi:10.1590/0100-29452020572

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the peel, K and Ca concentrations were 62% and 114% lower when compared with 2018. Likewise, Gomez and Kalcsits (2020) and Valverdi and Kalcsits (2021) also reported lower levels of Ca, K, and Mg in the 2019 (Amarante et al, 2013;Sachini et al, 2020;Schveitzer and Petri, 2019;Volz et al, 2006), which can be attributed to several agronomic and environmental factors, such as crop load, vigor, fertilization management, and water management, among others (Ernani et al, 2008). In our study, lower levels of nutrient concentration in 2019 coincided with higher incidence of GS (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Rootstock and Nutrient Imbalance Leads to ‘‘Green Spot’’ Development in ‘WA 38’ Apples

Sallato

Whiting

Munguia

2021

horts

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‘WA 38’ is a new apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivar, released by Washington State University (WSU) in 2017. An unknown disorder, ‘‘green spot’’ (GS), dark green halos in the epidermis, with necrotic, corky, and oxidated cortical tissue underneath the damaged epidermis, leads to unmarketable fruit and has become a threat to the adoption and profitability of ‘WA 38’, with young and mature orchards exhibiting up to 60% incidence in 2020. Given the apparent susceptibility of ‘WA 38’ to GS, this research investigated GS relation with nutrient levels in fruit. Research was carried out in 2018 and 2019 in a ‘WA 38’ apple block planted in 2013, on ‘Geneva 41’ (‘G.41’) and ‘M.9-Nic 29’ (‘M.9’) rootstocks. In both years, fruit number per tree, fruit weight, and fruit diameter were evaluated in 18 trees per treatment, from both rootstocks. From each tree, fruit were classified for presence or absence of GS, and subsequently analyzed for nutrient concentration in the peel and in the flesh, nutrient extraction, and total nutrient content, on an individual apple basis. Apples with GS had higher nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) levels in the peel, regardless of year and rootstock. Apples grown on ‘G.41’ rootstock exhibited higher GS incidence and reduced crop load in both years; reduced size and fruit diameter were exhibited only in 2018. Fruit on ‘G.41’ had higher N, potassium (K), and Mg in the flesh and higher N and Mg in the peel, with lower levels of calcium (Ca) in the flesh and peel; however, only in 2018, with no differences in 2019. GS in ‘WA 38’ apples appears to be another Ca-related disorder in which excessive vigor, rootstock, and N and Mg excess are predisposing factors for its development.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Rootstock and Nutrient Imbalance Leads to ‘‘Green Spot’’ Development in ‘WA 38’ Apples

Sallato

Whiting

Munguia

2021

horts

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“…Another previously confirmed property of the apple peel is its antioxidant capacity, which has a higher content of polyphenols and anthocyanins compared to the pulp, which is of great benefit to the consumer [127]. As can be seen from Table 6, the results of the mineral composition of Norwegian apples are similar to those of other fruits grown in other apple/growing regions of the world [114,119,128]. Soil, fertilization and cultivars definitely influence composition, but mineral content has been found to vary not only between cultivars but also between years [129].…”

Section: Apple Fruit Mineral Content and Its Qualitysupporting

confidence: 56%

“…As expected, the mineral composition of the fruit was strongly influenced by soil properties, with the presence of various nutrients in the soil supporting the quality of the grown fruit. The consumption of apples as fresh fruit is associated with the intake of various minerals that affect different metabolic processes in the human body [114]. Meanwhile, the particular role of each nutrient in apple/plant physiology has been subjected to numerous studies to outline plant nutrient requirements and fertilizer use, which is an important part of pomology textbooks [63,115,116].…”

Section: Apple Fruit Mineral Content and Its Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Apple Growing in Norway—Ecologic Factors, Current Fertilization Practices and Fruit Quality: A Case Study

Ličina,

Krogstad,

Fotirić Akšić

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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This paper presents some features of apple production in Norway, the northernmost apple-growing country in the world. Acceptable growing conditions prevail along the fjords in western Norway and around the lakes in eastern Norway at 60° north. These specific mesic climate conditions are associated with very long summer days (18 h daylight mid-summer) and short winter days (6 h daylight), with frost rarely occurring in the spring along the fjord areas. The present apple-growing technique in Norway is similar to that of other developed apple-growing countries, taking into account that all local growing phases involve a considerable delay in progress (1.5–2 months). Therefore, high-density planting systems based on the use of dwarf rootstocks (mainly M.9) with imported early maturing international apple cultivars are used in most orchards. The most common soil type has high organic matter content (2–18%), which persists due to the cool climate and low mineralization, and a clay content of <15%, which results from the formation of the soil from bedrock. The increase in average temperatures caused by current climatic changes leads to a complex combination of different physiological effects on apples, which can have positive or negative effects on the phenology of the trees. The main advantage of Norwegian apple production is that the quality and aroma of the fruit meet the current demands of the local market.

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“…Similarly, K, Ca, and P were the most abundant elements in Norwegian organic apples grown in western Norway [ 7 ]. Previous studies have also shown that the peel of apples has a higher mineral content compared to the mesocarp (especially Ca, Mg, P, and K) [ 7 , 34 ], which means that a significant amount of minerals is lost when an apple is eaten without the peel. The Mg content was higher than the Ca content in all samples analyzed in our study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit Quality Attributes of Organically Grown Norwegian Apples Are Affected by Cultivar and Location

Natić,

Dabić Zagorac,

Jakanovski

et al. 2024

Plants

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In this work, 12 apple cultivars grown organically in three regions of Norway (Telemark, Ullensvang, Viken) were analyzed in terms of fruit quality, with the aim of equating different growing regions under specific climatic conditions. Apples were analyzed for concentration levels of minerals, sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, total phenolic content (TPC), radical scavenging activity (RSA), and phenolic profiles. Discovery “Rose” from Telemark stored the highest level of minerals (24,094.5 mg/kg dry weight). Glucose, fructose, sucrose, and sorbitol were the major carbohydrates, whereas the predominant organic acids were quinic acid and malic acid. Cultivar Discovery from Ullensvang had the highest TPC (9.22 g/kg) and RSA (229.32 mmol TE/kg). Of the polyphenols quantified, chlorogenic acid and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside were the most abounded, accounting for 85.50%. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the Ullensvang region is the richest source of most carbohydrates, organic acids (quinic, shikimic, and galacturonic), and most polyphenols, whereas the highest content of minerals and maleic acid characterized Viken. Regardless of location, the Discovery cultivar had, on average, the highest sugar and polyphenol contents. The results obtained suggest that organic apples from Norway are a rich source of beneficial compounds that can have a positive impact on human health. In addition, these results may be useful for consumers in identifying apple cultivars with desirable characteristics and for the fruit industry in tracing back the origin of apples. The findings could also be of great interest for locations with similar climate and soil conditions worldwide.

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Mineral contents in the skin and flesh of fruits of apple cultivars

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Rootstock and Nutrient Imbalance Leads to ‘‘Green Spot’’ Development in ‘WA 38’ Apples

Rootstock and Nutrient Imbalance Leads to ‘‘Green Spot’’ Development in ‘WA 38’ Apples

Apple Growing in Norway—Ecologic Factors, Current Fertilization Practices and Fruit Quality: A Case Study

Fruit Quality Attributes of Organically Grown Norwegian Apples Are Affected by Cultivar and Location

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