Mineral cost of carnivory in aquatic carnivorous plants

Adamec, Lubomír

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2009.11.001

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In which case, requirements would be lower in highly connected wetlands where nutrients are scarcer, potentially obfuscating any relationship between TN and NMS 1 scores. U. macrorhiza (assemblage two) is not rooted and as a carnivorous species it is advantaged under low nutrient levels (Adamec 2010); however, other members of assemblage two (N. lutea, P. natans, and M. sibiricum) are known to prefer organic substrates (Haslam 1978;Klinkenberg 2012). In contrast, Sediment C is positively associated with S. pectinata, Z. palustris, P. gramineus, and P. richardsonii (assemblage one), which span a range in nutrient preferences from very rich to poor (Klinkenberg 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

River Connectivity Affects Submerged and Floating Aquatic Vegetation in Floodplain Wetlands

2013

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The submerged and floating plant communities in floodplain wetlands of the Upper Columbia River have never been described. To explore mechanisms behind the influence of the annual flood pulse on vegetation, we investigated how species group into flood response guilds whose distributions vary along a connectivity gradient between 44 floodplain wetlands and the river, how connectivity influences water and sediment, and to what degree the effect of connectivity on vegetation is mediated by its effects on these environmental variables. We characterised assemblages with cluster and indicator species analysis, as well as non-metric scaling ordination and tested a structural equation model, which defined the relationship between assemblage composition, sediment and water quality, and connectivity to the river. We found four assemblages, each associated with different water and sediment conditions, and positioned at differing degrees of connectivity. The model provided a good fit to the data. We conclude that in highly connected floodplain wetlands the direct effect of flooding supersedes the influence of water and sediment quality in structuring vegetation assemblages. Yet where flooding is less intense, these environmental variables resume their structuring role.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

River Connectivity Affects Submerged and Floating Aquatic Vegetation in Floodplain Wetlands

2013

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“…Data for TCPs are from Ellison (2006), Osunkoya et al (2007), Pavlovič et al (2007, 2009, 2010), Farnsworth and Ellison (2008), Karagatzides and Ellison (2009), Karagatzides et al (2009), Adamec (2009a) and Moon et al (2010). Data for ACPs are from Moeller (1980), Kamiński (1987a, b), Kosiba and Sarosiek (1989), Kosiba (1992a, b, 1993), Friday and Quarmby (1994), Bern (1997) and Adamec (2000, 2008a, 2010b). The full dataset is available from the Harvard Forest Data Archive (<http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/archive.html>), Dataset HF‐168.…”

Section: Traits Of Aquatic and Terrestrial Carnivorous Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potassium (K) has been much less studied in carnivorous plants (Adamec 1997a, Ellison 2006), but tissue K content in traps of aquatic Utricularia species (3.7–8.7% of dry mass) is much higher than in its leaves or shoots (Adamec 2008a, 2010b), probably reflecting particular trap functions. The highest concentrations of K found in Utricularia traps exceed any reported for non‐carnivorous aquatic plants (cf.…”

Section: Traits Of Aquatic and Terrestrial Carnivorous Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evolutionary innovations within respiratory pathways of Utricularia also appear to reflect the selective pressures attendant to these costs (Jobson et al 2004). Similarly, cellular signalling within the rapidly responsive traps of both Aldrovanda and Utricularia may be limited by K availability (Adamec 2010b); it would be of interest to determine if similar limitation is observed in Dionaea (the sister group of Aldrovanda ). In support of this hypothesis, mineral costs of carnivory – especially of K and P – exceed 50% of total plant K and P amount in several ACP species (Adamec 2010b); we hypothesize that the proportion will be lower in most TCP species with separate traps.…”

Section: Cost–benefit Relationships In Aquatic and Terrestrial Carnivmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecophysiological traits of terrestrial and aquatic carnivorous plants: are the costs and benefits the same?

Ellison

Adamec

2011

Oikos

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Identification of tradeoffs among physiological and morphological traits and their use in cost–benefit models and ecological or evolutionary optimization arguments have been hallmarks of ecological analysis for at least 50 years. Carnivorous plants are model systems for studying a wide range of ecophysiological and ecological processes and the application of a cost–benefit model for the evolution of carnivory by plants has provided many novel insights into trait‐based cost–benefit models. Central to the cost–benefit model for the evolution of botanical carnivory is the relationship between nutrients and photosynthesis; of primary interest is how carnivorous plants efficiently obtain scarce nutrients that are supplied primarily in organic form as prey, digest and mineralize them so that they can be readily used, and allocate them to immediate versus future needs. Most carnivorous plants are terrestrial – they are rooted in sandy or peaty wetland soils – and most studies of cost–benefit tradeoffs in carnivorous plants are based on terrestrial carnivorous plants. However approximately 10% of carnivorous plants are unrooted aquatic plants. Here we ask whether the cost–benefit model applies equally well to aquatic carnivorous plants and what general insights into tradeoff models are gained by this comparison. Nutrient limitation is more pronounced in terrestrial carnivorous plants, which also have much lower growth rates and much higher ratios of dark respiration to photosynthetic rates than aquatic carnivorous plants. Phylogenetic constraints on ecophysiological tradeoffs among carnivorous plants remain unexplored. Despite differences in detail, the general cost–benefit framework continues to be of great utility in understanding the evolutionary ecology of carnivorous plants. We provide a research agenda that if implemented would further our understanding of ecophysiological tradeoffs in carnivorous plants and also would provide broader insights into similarities and differences between aquatic and terrestrial plants of all types.

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“…If the net photosynthetic rate of traps of aquatic Utricularia (per unit fresh weight) reached only 7-10% of the values for leaves or shoots even under optimum conditions, then this combination means that traps represent a very high energetic (metabolic) cost for the plants. Moreover, as found recently, 31,32 the traps also represent a high mineral cost, especially for N, P and K. Therefore, the proportion of trap biomass to the total plant biomass is under a purposeful ecological regulation.…”

Section: Food Web Inside the Trapsmentioning

confidence: 92%