Mineral dissolution rates in plot-scale field and laboratory experiments

Swoboda-Colberg, Norbert; Drever, James I.

doi:10.1016/0009-2541(93)90118-3

Cited by 197 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Measured dissolution rates of minerals in a natural setting are typically slower by approximately 2 orders of magnitude than those measured in the laboratory (Swoboda-Colberg and Drever 1993). Experimental studies to determine feldspar dissolution rates indicate that feldspar dissolves congruently and that the reaction is surface-controlled, as opposed to volume-diffusion-controlled (Berner 1981;Sverdrup 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallographic Controls on the Alteration of Microcline Perthites from the Spruce Pine District, North Carolina

Sheets

1997

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--Altered pelthites from a weathered pegmatite in the Spruce Pine District, North Carolina, were characterized by electron microprobe as a K-rich microcline host with lesser Na-rich plagioclase having a lamellar morphology. Light-optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show microtextural elements such as phase boundaries, holes and microfractures that could serve as potential nucleation sites for alteration to clay minerals.The host microcline contains albite and pericline twinning textures that vary in character; the amount of each twinning type and/or the size of twin individuals changes on a Ixm scale. Plagioclase ranges from large lamellar vein and film albite (visible in the light microscope) to cryptoperthite whose size ranges from wm to perhaps 100 ~. The smallest-scale albite appears to be a Iate-stage phase of exsotution in which lamellae have nucleated heterogeneously on albite-twin composition planes in the microcline.Alteration is concentrated in vein and film albite, especially along grain boundaries with microcline. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of intensely altered pegmatite show halloysite. Holes, microfractures, vein albite/host microcline boundaries and microcline/halloysite boundaries trend parallel to the traces of (010) and { 110}, suggesting that these directions are pathways along which fluids migrate. Cleavage and microfractures occur along, and holes are bounded by, these directions. Holes are associated with dislocations and the latter are observed at feldspar/clay boundaries. Twin domains and cryptoperthitic albite are less susceptible to alteration than coarse lamellar albite and regions containing negative crystals and microfractures. However, microtextures in some areas containing haUoysite suggest that once fluids penetrate the crystal, alteration may proceed preferentially in more strongly twinned regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallographic Controls on the Alteration of Microcline Perthites from the Spruce Pine District, North Carolina

Sheets

1997

Clays and clay miner.

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“…O values of precipitation were buffered prior to reaching the groundwater-fed O values, also observed following rainfall, likely reflect the increased relative contribution of DFS shallow in groundwater-fed streams, with the rate of water flow through this pathway sufficient to minimize mineral dissolution (Swoboda-Colberg and Drever, 1993). Alternatively, evaporite deposits may be highly localized, and the DFS shallow flow pathway may bypass the minerals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Flow Dynamics of Groundwater-Fed Streams and Their Ecological Significance in a Glacierized Catchment

Crossman

Bradley

Boomer

et al. 2011

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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“…Exporting experimental rate constants to natural systems A number of processes have been suggested as factors in the "dissolution rate conundrum" or the discrepancy between field and laboratory rates, including changes in the intrinsic reactivity of mineral surfaces (Maher et al, 2006b), limitations on reactive surface area in natural porous media (White and Peterson, 1990;, limitations on flow and transport into low permeability zones in heterogeneous material (Clow and Drever, 1996;Malmstrom et al, 2004), slow precipitation of secondary minerals (Maher et al, 2006b), and transport rather than strict interface control of rates (Swoboda-Colberg and Drever, 1993;Clow and Drever, 1996;Steefel and Lichtner, 1998). Here we use geometric surface areas corrected for surface roughness, values that should be roughly equivalent to BET surface areas.…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of reaction affinity and secondary minerals in regulating chemical weathering rates at the Santa Cruz Soil Chronosequence, California

Maher

Steefel

White

et al. 2009

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

290

269

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ABSTRACT:In order to explore the reasons for the apparent discrepancy between laboratory and field weathering rates and to determine the extent to which weathering rates are controlled by the approach to thermodynamic equilibrium, secondary mineral precipitation and flow rates, a multicomponent reactive transport model (CrunchFlow) was used to interpret soil profile development and mineral precipitation and dissolution rates at the 226 ka marine terrace chronosequence near Santa Cruz, CA. Aqueous compositions, fluid chemistry, transport, and mineral abundances are well characterized (White et al., 2008, GCA) and were used to constrain the reaction rates for the weathering and precipitating minerals in the reactive transport modeling. When primary mineral weathering rates are calculated with either of two experimentally determined rate constants, the nonlinear, parallel rate law formulation of Hellmann and Tisserand [2006] or the aluminum inhibition model proposed by Oelkers et al. [1994], modeling results are consistent with fieldscale observations when independently constrained clay precipitation rates are accounted for. Experimental and field rates, therefore, can be reconciled at the Santa Cruz site.Observed maximum clay abundances in the argillic horizons occur at the depth and time where the reaction fronts of the primary minerals overlap. The modeling indicates that the argillic horizon at Santa Cruz can be explained almost entirely by weathering of primary minerals and in situ clay precipitation accompanied by undersaturation of kaolinite at the top of the profile. The rate constant for kaolinite precipitation was also determined based on model simulations of mineral abundances and dissolved Al, SiO 2 (aq) and pH in pore waters. Changes in the rate of kaolinite precipitation or the flow rate do not affect the gradient of the primary mineral weathering profiles, but instead control the rate of propagation of the primary mineral weathering fronts and thus total mass removed from the weathering profile. Our analysis suggests that secondary clay precipitation is as important as aqueous transport in governing the amount of dissolution that occurs within a profile because clay minerals exert a strong control over the reaction affinity of the dissolving primary minerals. The modeling also indicates that the weathering advance rate and the total mass of mineral dissolved is controlled by the thermodynamic saturation of the primary dissolving phases plagioclase and K-feldspar, as is evident from the difference in propagation rates of the reaction fronts for the two minerals despite their very similar kinetic rate laws.

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Mineral dissolution rates in plot-scale field and laboratory experiments

Cited by 197 publications

References 30 publications

Crystallographic Controls on the Alteration of Microcline Perthites from the Spruce Pine District, North Carolina

Crystallographic Controls on the Alteration of Microcline Perthites from the Spruce Pine District, North Carolina

Water Flow Dynamics of Groundwater-Fed Streams and Their Ecological Significance in a Glacierized Catchment

The role of reaction affinity and secondary minerals in regulating chemical weathering rates at the Santa Cruz Soil Chronosequence, California

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