Mineral in crop residues and interaction with soil minerals contents in Ethiopia: review

Abstract

This review aims is to explore different authors’ views about mineral contents of crop residues, aiming to demonstrate the benefit of supplementing minerals from soil with crop residue minerals, as well as point out effects on livestock productivity. Crop residue is the second main livestock feed resource, followed by natural pasture in Ethiopia, which has poor nutritive values. Nutrient composition of plant materials/crop residue depends on the nutrient availability of the soil, while nutrient availability of the soils depends on the nature of soils, season, climate, the topography of the land, interaction between animals and humans, time/period of sampling and application of inorganic fertilizers. Trace minerals deficiency of grazing land causes different effects on livestock and the plants themselves. Many incidences of mineral inadequacies in forages and soils have turned out the main causes of reproduction failure and low production rates by Ethiopian livestock.

Mineral Composition of Local Salt Licks (Toka) in Adamawa State, Nigeria

“…This may not be unconnected to soil factor, topography of the land, application of inorganic fertilizer and the sampling time and period. Similarly, Gulilat and Chekol (2020) also reported low macro and micro mineral contents of crop residues during the dry season in Ethiopia. Sodium (Na) is usually combined with chlorine (Cl) to give sodium chloride (NaCl) commonly known as the normal salt (Babayemi et al, 2014).…”

“…The findings agreed with Njidda (2011); Njidda and Olatunji (2012) who reported low mineral contents from indigenous forages grown naturally in Nigeria. Similarly, Gulilat and Chekol (2020) also reported low macro and micro mineral contents of crop residues during the dry season in Ethiopia. But the results contradicted that of Upadhyay et al (2018) who reported molasses to be a rich source of sulfur, calcium and B complex.…”

“…Forage intake by pastoral grazing ruminants depends on the level of mineral consumption (Babayemi et al, 2014). The levels of minerals in plants is a function of interaction between several factors which include soil type, plant species, stage of maturity, dry matter yield, grazing management, topography of the land, @ECRTD-UK: https://www.eajournals.org/ Publication of the European Centre for Research Training and Development -UK interaction between animals and humans, time and period of sampling, climate, season and application of inorganic fertilizer (Khan et al, 2005;Gulilat & Chekol, 2020).…”