Mineral Limitation of Zooplankton: Stoichiometric Constraints and Optimal Foraging

Plath, Klaus; Boersma, Maarten

doi:10.2307/2679987

Cited by 62 publications

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“…In agreement with previous studies, we showed that 12 diVerent Daphnia species diVered signiWcantly in SGR when fed diets with diVerent P contents (Table 2; see Becker and Boersma 2003;Boersma 2000;Gulati and DeMott 1997;Plath and Boersma 2001;Seidendorf et al 2007). Although our experimental design based on two diVerent food qualities reXects two extreme C:P ratios only, which represent the end points of a wide range in food stoichiometry, our results indicate that species respond diVerentially in their SGRs to food with diVerent C:P ratios (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sensitivity of Daphnia species to phosphorus-deficient diets

et al. 2009

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The life history of freshwater cladocerans such as Daphnia spp. is strongly affected by their environment. Factors such as temperature, food quantity and even the presence or absence of predators influence growth, reproduction and morphology of individuals. Recently, it has also become clear that the quality of the food can affect various life history traits of Daphnia. More specifically, the effect of the elemental composition of algae, expressed as the C:P ratio, has been studied intensively. Daphnia species differ in their response to differences in the C:P ratio of their food. Until now, it has been unclear whether these species differences are driven by phylogenetic constraints or by adaptation to particular environmental conditions. Here we present laboratory experiments with 12 Daphnia species from three different subgenera originating from a broad range of habitats. We compared somatic growth rates and sensitivity to variation in the nutrient stoichiometry of the food with habitat parameters, taking into account the phylogenetic history of the species. No associations between fitness and habitat parameters were detected. However, we found a trade-off between sensitivity to P-deficient diets and the maximum growth rate on a P-sufficient diet. In several cases, this trade-off helps to explain the association between species distribution and habitat parameters. We observed no correlation of the sensitivity to P limitation with the phylogenetic history of the genus Daphnia. Thus, we conclude that the differential responses among Daphnia species to variation in P content in food were driven mainly by adaptations to their local habitats, and are not constrained by deep evolutionary patterns.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sensitivity of Daphnia species to phosphorus-deficient diets

et al. 2009

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“…diVerences can greatly inXuence both interspeciWc as well as intraspeciWc competitive interactions among diVerent Daphnia species and/or genotypes (clones). Additional work (Plath and Boersma 2001;Reichwaldt and Abrusan 2007;Schatz and McCauley 2007) has indicated that the quality of algal food can inXuence the foraging behavior of Daphnia, which could potentially impact Wtness parameters. These eVects, in turn, have the potential to inXuence the dynamics and microevolutionary trajectories of these populations and/or assemblages (Muller et al 2001;Nelson et al 2001Nelson et al , 2005Andersen et al 2004) and might even transcend trophic levels by inXuencing predator-prey interactions (Jeyasingh and Weider 2005;Nelson et al 2005).…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Stoichiometric differences in food quality: impacts on genetic diversity and the coexistence of aquatic herbivores in a Daphnia hybrid complex

2008

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The maintenance of genetic and species diversity in an assemblage of genotypes (clones) in the Daphnia pulex species complex (Cladocera: Anomopoda) in response to variation in the carbon:phosphorus ratio (quantity and quality) of the green alga, Scenedesmus acutus, was examined in a 90-day microcosm competition experiment. Results indicated that mixed assemblages of seven distinct genotypes (representing clonal lineages of D. pulex, D. pulicaria and interspecific hybrids) showed rapid loss of genetic diversity in all treatments (2 x 2 factorial design, high vs. low quantity, and high vs. low quality). However, the erosion of diversity (measured as the effective number of clones) was slowest under the poorest food conditions (i.e., low quantity, low quality) and by the conclusion of the experiment (90 days) had resulted in the (low, low) treatment having significantly greater genetic diversity than the other three treatments. In addition, significant genotype (clone) x (food) environment interactions were observed, with a different predominant species/clone found under low food quality versus high food quality (no significant differences were detected for the two food quantities). A clone of D. pulex displaced the other clones under low food quality conditions, while a clone of D. pulicaria displaced the other clones in the high food quality treatments. Subsequent life-history experiments were not sufficient to predict the outcome of competitive interactions among members of this clonal assemblage. Our results suggest that genetic diversity among herbivore species such as Daphnia may be impacted not only by differences in food quantity but also by those in food quality and could be important in the overall maintenance of genetic diversity in natural populations.

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“…Because earlier laboratory and field studies did not detect variation in the P-content of zooplankton species in response to variation in dietary P (reviewed by Hessen 1994), Elser et al (2000) measured the P-content of field-collected animals and did not consider that differences in diet may have caused the observed differences in P-content between the two Daphnia species. Recently, both laboratory DeMott 2003;Plath and Boersma 2001) and field studies (DeMott et al 2001(DeMott et al , 2004a have documented declines in Pcontent (as percent of mass) in daphniids feeding on Pdeficient diets. Thus, comparisons of P-content between consumer species need to control for dietary P-content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Stoichiometry in an ecological context: testing for links between Daphnia P-content, growth rate and habitat preference

DeMott

Pape

2004

Oecologia

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We used laboratory experiments with ten Daphnia taxa to test for links between Daphnia P-content, growth rate and habitat preference. The taxa represent a wide range of body sizes and most show distinct preferences for one of three habitats: shallow lakes, deep, stratified lakes or fishless ponds. Previous studies show that taxa from shallow lakes and fishless ponds experience high predation risk and rich food resources, whereas taxa from deep lakes experience low predation risk, strong food limitation and potentially P-deficient resources. Thus, we predicted higher P-content and higher maximal growth rates in taxa from ponds and shallow lakes and lower P-content, lower maximal growth but reduced sensitivity to P-limitation in taxa preferring stratified lakes. In each of 25 experiments, a clonal Daphnia cohort was cultured for 4 days on a P-sufficient (molar C:P ratio 70) or a P-deficient (C:P 1,000) diet of a green alga at a high concentration (1 mg C l(-1)). The P-content of adult Daphnia fed the P-sufficient diet ranged from 1.52 to 1.22% mass. Small-bodied taxa from shallow lakes had higher P-content than larger-bodied taxa from deep lakes or fishless ponds. However, we found a nonsignificant negative correlation between P-content and growth on the P-sufficient diet, rather than the positive relationship predicted by the growth rate hypothesis. The P-deficient diet resulted in declines in both growth rate and P-content compared with the P-sufficient controls and the extent of the declines differed between taxa. Taxa from ponds showed a marginally greater decline in growth with the P-deficient diet compared with taxa from shallow or deep lakes. However, contrary to stoichiometric theory, no relationship was found between a species' P-content and growth depression on the P-deficient diet. Although we found evidence for habitat adaptations, our results show that factors other than Daphnia P-content are important in determining differences between Daphnia species in both maximal growth rate and sensitivity to P-limited growth.

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Mineral Limitation of Zooplankton: Stoichiometric Constraints and Optimal Foraging

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Sensitivity of Daphnia species to phosphorus-deficient diets

Sensitivity of Daphnia species to phosphorus-deficient diets

Stoichiometric differences in food quality: impacts on genetic diversity and the coexistence of aquatic herbivores in a Daphnia hybrid complex

Stoichiometry in an ecological context: testing for links between Daphnia P-content, growth rate and habitat preference

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