Mineral Nutrition of the Cotton Plant.

Eaton, Frank M.; Ergle, David R.

doi:10.1104/pp.32.3.169

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The overall N distribution within the plant parts was 9 to 10% in stems, 27 to 35% in leaves, and 55 to 63% in fruiting forms at physiological maturity. [1][2][3]31] The general pattern of N uptake of the cotton cultivar used was similar to that found by other researchers [1][2][3]32] under surface and drip irrigated conditions (Table 4). Furthermore, taking into consideration the weight of seed cotton yield and other fruiting forms, the average N removal from the field at harvest by seed cotton was 65 to 124 kg N/ha, and by stems, 14 to 41 kg N/ha (Table 3).…”

Section: Reprintssupporting

confidence: 86%

Assessment of Nitrogen Content, Uptake, Partitioning, and Recovery by Cotton Crop Grown under Surface Irrigation and Drip Fertigation by using Isotopic Technique

Janat

2004

Comm Soil Sci Plant An

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Field experiments were carried out through four consecutive years, 1995-1998, to assess the effect of irrigation methods and nitrogen (N) rates on nitrate status of the soil, N uptake, efficiency, partitioning, equivalent nitrogen fertilizer uptake (ENFU) and equivalent total nitrogen uptake (ETNU) by cotton by using the 15 N technique. Treatments consisted of two irrigation methods, surface irrigation, and drip fertigation. Drip-fertigated cotton received five different nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kg N/ha), while only one rate (180 kg N/ha) was applied to the surface-irrigated cotton. All N ORDER REPRINTS fertilizers were applied as urea 46% N. Representative samples of the aboveground portions of cotton plants were harvested from the labeled subplots at physiological maturity and then were separated into leaves, stems, and fruiting forms. Dry matter weight, total N content, N uptake, and 15 N excess atom percentage were assessed for each plant fraction, except lint. Soil-water status was monitored by using a neutron probe procedure, and irrigation scheduling was established according to the feedback data obtained. Soil solution nitrate as a function of time and depth was also evaluated by using a nitrate-strips procedure. Results indicated that N content, ETNU, ENFU, N uptake, and partitioning by cotton varied due to N input and irrigation methods. Nitrogen uptake and content in plant's tissues was increased as a function of N input and soil N status. Furthermore, N uptake was very high in a few instances, which might be due to the high residual N in the soil or due to high root activity of the cotton cultivar used in this study (Aleppo 33). Almost 55-63% of the accumulated N was partitioned into the fruiting forms, 27-35% in the leaves, and 9-10% in the stems of the cotton plants grown under drip fertigation. Whereas, under surface irrigation the percentage of accumulated N was partitioned as 57% in the fruiting forms, 34% in the leaves, and 9% in the stems. Fruiting forms and leaves were the major N sinks. Lint yield was highly correlated with N uptake, rates and content in plant tissues. Nitrogen recovery varied with different seasons, N input, and irrigation method. Equivalent total N uptakes, N fertilizer uptake, and the ratio of N uptake, of drip-fertigated relative to surface-irrigated cotton proved to be a good indicator for fertilizer and irrigation management.

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Section: Reprintssupporting

confidence: 86%

Assessment of Nitrogen Content, Uptake, Partitioning, and Recovery by Cotton Crop Grown under Surface Irrigation and Drip Fertigation by using Isotopic Technique

Janat

2004

Comm Soil Sci Plant An

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“…They may be serving a similar function in the cotton fiber. Osmotic properties have been attributed to potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, citrate, and malate ions in cotton leaves [11,18,19,20]. To date, two of these, potassium and malate, have been established as osmoregulators in growing cotton fibers [ 13].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chemical Analyses of Washed, Bleached, and Scoured and Bleached Cotton Fiber

Domelsmith

Berni

Cocke

1986

Textile Research Journal

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The chemical compositions of four cottons from a 1982 washed cotton study conducted by the Industry/Government/Union Task Force for Byssinosis Prevention were established by proximate and elemental analyses. The four cotton samples were an unwashed control grown in Mississippi and the corresponding washed, bleached, and scoured/bleached processed cottons. The proximate analyses consisted of serial solvent extractions that furnished data on moisture, water extractables, ethanol extractables, ethanolamine extractables, cellulose, and insoluble residue. Ash production was also measured for the four cotton lint samples. Elemental analyses were performed by x-ray fluorescence for potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur, and by Kjeldahl analysis for nitrogen. The analyses demonstrate that the water wash and the scouring procedure are responsible for substantially increasing the purity of the cotton fiber. The level of water extractables was reduced by the water washing process, while the level of ethanolamine extractables was reduced by the scouring process. The washed cotton sample contained much smaller amounts of potassium and magnesium compounds than the unwashed control. Ash was reduced to approximately the same level by each of the washing processes.The nitrogen and calcium contents dropped steadily with increasing severity of processing conditions. The changes in chemical composition of cotton lint on processing are related to the layered structured of the cotton fiber. The Cotton Quality Research Station, USDA, and the Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, NIOSH, have determined the effects that dusts from these cottons have on pulmonary function in a group of human volunteers through measurements of the change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) on exposure to dust generated by carding the cotton samples. All three processed cottons were considerably less active than the unwashed control. Many of the chemical composition parameters showed a marked decrease with water washing alone.In 1973, Merchant and co-workers reported a series oaf experiments demonstrating that thorough washing of cotton prior to carding in a textile mill completely eliminated the biological activity of card dust in a human panel [30]. They also found that carding washed cotton generated a lower fine dust concentration (0.16 mg/m3) than carding raw cotton (0.89 Mg/M3), but the washed cotton was difficult to process in the mill. Since that time, human challenge experiments with dust from a variety of washed and raw cottons have shown that washing cotton prior to carding substantially reduces its ability to cause lung function decrements [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 31, 34, 39], while processing experiments have corroborated the work of Merchant et al. in decreased dust production by washed cotton [5, 23, 26, 27, 36, , 37, 39, 45]. The Cotton Quality Research Station, USDA, Clemson, South Carolina and the Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia, have conducted several washed c...

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“…Similar results were obtained by Marani and Aharonov (17). Eaton and Ergle (11), who analyzed the results of Olson and Bledsoe (19), also pointed out that the highest yield rate was observed at the 1 05th day of growth.…”

Section: Rate Of Dry Matter Productionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Growth Rate and Nutrient Uptake of Two Cotton Cultivars Grown Under Irrigation¹

Halevy¹

1976

Agronomy Journal

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The production of high cotton yield is highly dependent on adequate growth rate and nutrient uptake about which relatively little information is available under semiarid conditions. Growth rate and N, P, K uptake of two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars, ‘Acala 1517‐C’ and ‘Acala 4‐42,’ which differ in their response to K fertilizer, were investigated in an irrigated field (soil type ‐ Typic Rhodoxeralf) under favorable conditions conducive to high yields. The rate of dry matter production was slow until flowering and after the first bolls opened. Up to 72 days from emergence, 15% of the total dry matter was produced; from 112 days until picking, 10%; and during the 40‐day period from 72 to 112 days, 75%. Throughout this period the growth rate was nearly linear, 250 kg/ ha/day. Total dry matter was 12,200 to 13,480 kg/ha. Its distribution in mature plants was 26% in the leaves, 24% in stems, 16% in burs, 21% in seeds, and 13% in lint. The lint yield was 1,700 kg/ha. Total uptake of N, P, and K was 230, 45, and 174 kg/ha. The total uptake of N and P followed that of dry matter production, whereas K was absorbed more rapidly, reaching a maximum at 112 days from emergence and then decreasing. The removal of nutrients from the field by seed and lint was 98 to 109 kg N/ha, 19 to 21 kg P/ha, and 43 to 47 kg K/ha. Toward the end of growing season Acala 1517‐C suffered more than Acala 4‐42 from K deficiency in soils with a low supply of available K. The factors which may be responsible for this in Acala 1517‐C are earlier development, greater uptake of K during early growth, the larger uptake of K by relatively more developed reproductive parts, and the relatively smaller root system. The rates of growth and uptake in the present experiment were greater than those reported in the literature. Also, Acala 1517‐C and Acala 4‐42 differed in their nutrient uptake, especially of potassium.

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Mineral Nutrition of the Cotton Plant.

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Assessment of Nitrogen Content, Uptake, Partitioning, and Recovery by Cotton Crop Grown under Surface Irrigation and Drip Fertigation by using Isotopic Technique

Assessment of Nitrogen Content, Uptake, Partitioning, and Recovery by Cotton Crop Grown under Surface Irrigation and Drip Fertigation by using Isotopic Technique

Chemical Analyses of Washed, Bleached, and Scoured and Bleached Cotton Fiber

Growth Rate and Nutrient Uptake of Two Cotton Cultivars Grown Under Irrigation¹

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Mineral Nutrition of the Cotton Plant.

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Assessment of Nitrogen Content, Uptake, Partitioning, and Recovery by Cotton Crop Grown under Surface Irrigation and Drip Fertigation by using Isotopic Technique

Assessment of Nitrogen Content, Uptake, Partitioning, and Recovery by Cotton Crop Grown under Surface Irrigation and Drip Fertigation by using Isotopic Technique

Chemical Analyses of Washed, Bleached, and Scoured and Bleached Cotton Fiber

Growth Rate and Nutrient Uptake of Two Cotton Cultivars Grown Under Irrigation1

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Growth Rate and Nutrient Uptake of Two Cotton Cultivars Grown Under Irrigation¹