Mineral pitch stimulates humoral, cellular and innate immune responses in mice

Abstract

Context: Mineral pitch (MP), a traditional medicine, is proposed to boost immunity in conditions that suppress Th1 cytokines such as AIDS/HIV, tuberculosis, leishmaniasis and cancer. Objective: This study investigates the immunoregulatory mechanisms of MP in innate, humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Materials and methods: Mice given MP (100, 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg, orally) for 10 consecutive days were immunized intravenously with goat RBC or ovalbumin, and investigated for plaqueforming cells (PFC), hemagglutination titer, hypersensitivity response, lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage function. Results: MP increased PFC (330.2 versus 182.2/10 6 splenocytes) in mice immunized with goat RBC and elicited ovalbumin-specific IgG titer at 400 mg/kg. Increase in Th1 immunity was correlated with the increased level of IFN-g (724 versus 470 pg/ml) and decreased IL-4 (96 versus 178 pg/ml). CD4 þ /CD3þ ratio and delayed-type hypersensitivity response also increased to, respectively, 20.62 AE 0.59 (versus 16.47 AE 0.72) and 1.59 AE 0.12 (versus 0.87 AE 0.10 mm) in MP-treated mice. MP increased lymphocyte proliferation (11.14 AE 0.60 versus 5.81 AE 0.40 SI) and macrophage phagocyte response (0.24 AE 0.02 versus 0.15 AE 0.009), expressed as absorbance at 570 nm, but decreased nitrite production (17.4 AE 1.10 versus 24.3 AE 1.30 mM/10 6 cells). We also observed an increased bone marrow cellularity (24.5 AE 1.10 versus 17.10 AE 0.70 cells/femur) and WBC count (12 667 AE 377 versus 9178 AE 213 cells/mm 3 ) following MP treatment. There was no sign of toxicity at 400 mg/kg, 1/12th of reported LD 50 . Conclusion: MP elicits a dose-dependent Th1 immune response.

Coal-Derived Humic Substances: Insight into Chemical Structure Parameters and Biomedical Properties

“…Consequently, the studied HS sample induces an increase in the production of proinflammatory cytokines by mouse macrophages and splenocytes, confirming the ability of these substances to enhance the Th1 type of immune response. This finding makes the tested HS sample promising for the development of effective immunotropic drugs to correct pathologies associated with Th1-dependent immune response deficiencies, such as chronic, lingering, and recurrent infectious diseases, as well as oncological conditions [63][64][65].…”

Pandemic of Infectious Diseases due to New Etiological Agents Predisposing Factors, Case study of COVID19 and Control Measures

“…It is found to elicit a dose-dependent Th1 immune response (Rubab et al, 2013). Almond oil has many properties including anti-inflammatory, immunity-boosting (Ahmad, 2010).…”

Anti-Inflammatory and Th-2 Directed Modulation of Im

“…For assessing the humoral immune function, mice from various groups were immunized with 0.1ml of gRBC suspension comprising 325 X 10 6 cells in the tail vein 24 h. after administrating the last dose of FO. On the fifth day, after the antigen was administrated, PFC and heamagglutination assay were performed [19].…”

“…Booster dose (25 g of OVA in Freund's incomplete adjuvant) was given on 21 st and 35 th day. Blood was obtained from retro-orbitalis vein on 14 th , 27 th , 42 nd and 60 th day, and the serum was evaluated for ovalbumin-specific IgG, IgE level and IgG subtype levels and peak titers by ELISA method [19]. The optical density was measured at 492nm in an automatic microplate reader (ECIL, Hyderabad).…”