Mineral Scales in Oil and Gas Fields

Hussein, Abdullah

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99118-6.00004-6

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The coproduced water usually contains impurities such as minerals (Ca 2+ and Ba 2+ ), dissolved gases (CO 2 and H 2 S), and microorganisms (bacteria and fungi), which eventually pose unwanted problems to the production process . For instance, Ca 2+ can react with dissolved CO 2 (in the form of HCO 3 – ) to precipitate out inorganic compounds called scales . Also, in conditions of very low temperatures and high pressures, the water molecules themselves entrap some gaseous hydrocarbon molecules to form crystalline compounds called gas hydrates .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 For instance, Ca 2+ can react with dissolved CO 2 (in the form of HCO 3 – ) to precipitate out inorganic compounds called scales. 3 Also, in conditions of very low temperatures and high pressures, the water molecules themselves entrap some gaseous hydrocarbon molecules to form crystalline compounds called gas hydrates. 4 Both gas hydrates and scales can accumulate as very hard solids that block the normal flow of the pipelines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistic Gas Hydrate and Corrosion Inhibition Using Maleic Anhydride: N-Isopropylmethacrylamide Copolymer and Small Thiols

Pomicpic,

Kelland

2023

ACS Omega

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Kinetic gas hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) are often used in combination with film-forming corrosion inhibitors (CIs) in oilfield production flow lines. However, CIs can be antagonistic to KHI performance. In this study, maleic anhydride-co-N-isopropylmethacrylamide copolymer (MA:NIPMAM) and its derivatives were successfully synthesized and tested for gas hydrate and corrosion inhibition. KHI slow constant cooling (1 °C/h) screening tests in high-pressure rocking cells with synthetic natural gas and CO2 corrosion bubble tests in brine were performed in this study. The results revealed that underivatized MA:NIPMAM in water (as maleic acid:NIPMAM copolymer) showed poor KHI performance, probably due to internal hydrogen bonding. However, derivatization of MA:NIPMAM with 3-(dibutylamino)-1-propylamine (DBAPA) to give MA:NIPMAM-DBAPA gave excellent gas hydrate inhibition performance but only weak corrosion inhibition performance. Unlike some KHI polymers, MA:NIPMAM-DBAPA was compatible with a classic fatty acid imidazoline CI, such that neither the KHI polymer performance nor the corrosion inhibition of the imidazoline was affected. Furthermore, excellent dual gas hydrate and corrosion inhibition was also achieved in blends of MA:NIPMAM-DBAPA with small thiol-based molecules. In particular, the addition of butyl thioglycolate not only gave excellent corrosion inhibition efficiency, better than adding the fatty imidazoline, but also enhanced the overall gas hydrate inhibition performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Gas Hydrate and Corrosion Inhibition Using Maleic Anhydride: N-Isopropylmethacrylamide Copolymer and Small Thiols

Pomicpic,

Kelland

2023

ACS Omega

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Corrosion of Steel Pipelines in Supercritical CO2 Environments: Effects of Injection Pressure and Temperature

Nguele,

Riggs,

Graff

et al. 2024

Corrosion

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Combining carbon capture and sequestration with enhanced oil recovery (EOR) could potentially reduce the carbon footprint through permanent storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) at the end of the EOR operations. However, severe corrosion risks to surface facilities and pipelines come along with the benefits of CO2 injection. The present study, therefore, investigates the corrosion resulting from contact between supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2)-saturated water and carbon steels typical of Alaska pipelines. Carbon steel was allowed to contact the corrosive environment for 72 hours, while the corrosion rate was monitored using linear polarization resistance (LPR). It was found that injecting sCO2 into the test brine (synthetic Ugnu field salinity) increased the general corrosion by twofold compared to liquid CO2 owing to the solubility and the kinetics of the corrosion byproducts. The increase in sCO2 injection pressure at a fixed temperature (40°C) was proportional to an increase in corrosion rate (up to 8.83 mm/yr). At a fixed pressure (12.7 MPa), increasing the temperature decreased the corrosion rate. As part of the effort to mitigate corrosion of CO2 in a sCO2 environment and to validate inhibitor performance outside of common operating conditions, the inhibiting potential of an imidazolium-based ionic liquid was also evaluated. The findings revealed inhibition efficiency up to 65% at low concentrations (up to 51 ppm) of the inhibitor. The addition of IL causes the corrosion to shift from a general type to pitting owing to a partial surface coverage. Results revealed further that ILs work better on carbon steel with low manganese concentration in the coupon steel.

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Mineral Scales in Oil and Gas Fields

Cited by 2 publications

References 135 publications

Synergistic Gas Hydrate and Corrosion Inhibition Using Maleic Anhydride: N-Isopropylmethacrylamide Copolymer and Small Thiols

Synergistic Gas Hydrate and Corrosion Inhibition Using Maleic Anhydride: N-Isopropylmethacrylamide Copolymer and Small Thiols

Corrosion of Steel Pipelines in Supercritical CO2 Environments: Effects of Injection Pressure and Temperature

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