Mineral solution-interface chemistry in minerals engineering

Subrahmanyam, T.V.; Forssberg, K.S.E.

doi:10.1016/0892-6875(93)90173-k

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This suspended particulate will include a variety of minerals; many or which will have interfaces (or inclusions) that could lead to galvanic cells. These have the ability to substantially increase the leaching of metals into the water column (Abraitis et al, 2004b;Heidel et al, 2013;Koleini et al, 2010;Kwong et al, 2003;Li et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2008;Majuste et al, 2012;Mehta and Murr, 1983;Subrahmanyam and Forssberg, 1993). There are a multitude of variables to consider in this process including mineralogy, bulk elemental chemistry, grain size distribution and surface area of the particles, pH, temperature, pressure, salinity, dissolved oxygen and prevailing ocean currents.…”

Section: Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental leaching of massive sulphide from TAG active hydrothermal mound and implications for seafloor mining

Fallon

Niehorster

Brooker

et al. 2018

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Seafloor massive sulphide samples from the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse active mound on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge were characterised and subjected to leaching experiments to emulate proposed mining processes. Over time, leached Fe is removed from solution by the precipitation of Fe oxy-hydroxides, whereas Cu and Pb leached remained in solution at ppb levels. Results suggest that bulk chemistry is not the main control on leachate concentrations; instead mineralogy and/or galvanic couples between minerals are the driving forces behind the type and concentration of metals that remain in solution. Dissolved concentrations exceed ANZECC toxicity guidelines by 620 times, implying the formation of localised toxicity in a stagnant water column. Moreover, concentrations will be higher when scaled to higher rock-fluid ratios and finer grain sizes proposed for mining scenarios. The distance at which dilution is achieved to meet guidelines is unlikely to be sufficient, indicating a need for the refinement of the mining process.

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Section: Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental leaching of massive sulphide from TAG active hydrothermal mound and implications for seafloor mining

Fallon

Niehorster

Brooker

et al. 2018

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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“…Many other studies are related to sulphide ore processing including flotation where galvanic interactions are observed to be commonly occurring and result in increased oxidation (Chandra and Gerson, 2009;Dichmann and Finch, 2001;Ekmekçi and Demirel, 1997;Majima, 1969;Subrahmanyam and Forssberg, 1993;Sui et al, 1995;Yelloji Rao and Natarajan, 1989;Zhang et al, 1997). Majima (1969) shows how galvanic interactions were shown to increase oxidation, in particular for galena, sphalerite and covellite, which are oxidised 8 to 20 times faster when pyrite is present.…”

Section: Galvanic Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative dissolution of hydrothermal mixed-sulphide ore: An assessment of current knowledge in relation to seafloor massive sulphide mining

Fallon

Petersen

Brooker

et al. 2017

Ore Geology Reviews

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The weathering process of seafloor massive sulphide (SMS) deposits can be considered analogous to weathering of terrestrial volcanogenic massive sulphides (VMS) deposits. However, in the context of SMS deposits, the process occurs in chemically buffered waters of near neutral pH, resulting in the formation of insoluble Fe oxy-hydroxide minerals including goethite and hematite as well as sulphates such as jarosite. As a result of this precipitation, it is commonly assumed that any SMS deposit is unlikely to exhibit a significant loss of metals (dissolution and release of heavy metals) into the water column. However, galvanic interactions have never been considered in this seafloor context, whilst they have already been shown to have the ability to increase dissolution significantly in terrestrial deposits. If heavy metal release is not temporally balanced by precipitation of oxide phases, there is the potential that these metal occurrences lose economic value. This is specifically significant if there is an SMS deposits Oxidation Galvanic Cells Metal release Economic potential Mining impact

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“…Em seguida, os valores do Foi ressaltado ainda que quanto maior for a diferença entre os potenciais de repouso dos sulfetos minerais, maior será a taxa de oxidação (dissolução) dos minerais com menor potencial de repouso. (1) Em pesquisas anteriores, (2) foi possível constatar que a moagem exerce influência sobre a flotabilidade dos sulfetos, a qual é regida pelas interações galvânicas existentes. Interações essas que levam à formação de camadas de oxi-hidróxidos em minerais nobres, afetando suas flotabilidades.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Estudo Eletroquímico Da Interação Galvânica Entre Pirita E Arsenopirita

Júnior¹,

Dutra²,

Monte³

2006

TMM

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A interação galvânica é a interação entre dois minerais causada pelas suas reatividades eletroquímicas. Ocorre quando os minerais (ou o mineral e o meio de moagem) estão em contato formando uma célula galvânica, que leva a reações de oxirredução devido às diferenças entre os potenciais de repouso dos minerais. A reatividade eletroquímica é indicada pelo potencial de repouso. Logo, na célula galvânica, o mineral com maior potencial de repouso atua como catodo e é considerado um mineral nobre. Já, o mineral com menor potencial de repouso comporta-se como anodo, sendo considerado um mineral mais ativo. A corrente galvânica que flui entre esses minerais está associada às alterações em suas superfícies. A presença de oxigênio dissolvido na solução tem importância fundamental para a interação galvânica, desde que o oxigênio atue como um aceptor de elétrons, reagindo para formar OH -nos minerais mais nobres. Modelos de interações galvânicas podem ser estabelecidos dependendo do número de componentes galvânicos no sistema. Todavia, para um sistema múltiplo mineral-meio de moagem, as interações galvânicas tornam-se mais complexas que para um sistema de dois eletrodos.No ResumoA interação galvânica promove reações de oxirredução devido às diferenças entre os potenciais de repouso dos minerais sulfetados, afetando suas flotabilidades. Por isso, foi iniciado um estudo sobre a interação pirita-arsenopirita sob diferentes condições de aeração. Foram tomadas medidas de potencial de eletrodos minerais com e sem interligação elétrica. Na ausência de interação, a pirita foi oxidada a Fe(OH) 3 . Ao se interligar o eletrodo de pirita ao de arsenopirita, a interação pirita-arsenopirita inibiu a oxidação da pirita. O potencial da arsenopirita aumentou, indicando a formação de FeOOH. Quando o eletrodo de arsenopirita foi interligado ao de pirita, os valores de seu potencial aumentaram, evidenciando uma oxidação. Quando nitrogênio foi borbulhado na solução, o potencial da arsenopirita, ao ser interligada à pirita, atingiu valores mais elevados, sugerindo que nessa interação a arsenopirita comporta-se anodicamente. Palavras-chave: Pirita; Arsenopirita; Interação galvânica; Oxidação. ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDY OF GALVANIC INTERACTION BETWEEN PYRITE AND ARSENOPYRITE AbstractGalvanic interaction leads to redox reactions, due to the sulfide minerals rest potentials difference, affecting their floatabilities. A study about the interaction between pyrite and arsenopyrite, under different aeration conditions was carried out. Rest potentials of mineral electrodes were measured with and without electrical contact. The pyrite electrode without contact with arsenopyrite has been oxidized to Fe(OH) 3 . When kept in contact with arsenopyrite, the interaction pyrite-arsenopyrite inhibited the oxidation of the pyrite. The potential of arsenopyrite increased, indicating the formation of FeOOH. When kept in contact with the pyrite electrode, the values of potential increased, making evident an oxidation. When nitrogen was bubbled in the solution, the potent...

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Mineral solution-interface chemistry in minerals engineering

Cited by 36 publications

References 24 publications

Experimental leaching of massive sulphide from TAG active hydrothermal mound and implications for seafloor mining

Experimental leaching of massive sulphide from TAG active hydrothermal mound and implications for seafloor mining

Oxidative dissolution of hydrothermal mixed-sulphide ore: An assessment of current knowledge in relation to seafloor massive sulphide mining

Estudo Eletroquímico Da Interação Galvânica Entre Pirita E Arsenopirita

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