Mineral-templated growth of natural graphite films

Zuilen, Mark A. van; Fliegel, Daniel; Wirth, Richard; Lepland, Aivo; Qu, Yi; Schreiber, Anja; Romashkin, Alexander E.; Philippot, Pascal

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.12.030

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This separation of the CM component and P-rich component explains the presence of magnetically equivalent 31 P nuclei responsible for the multifrequency transitions, which weakly interact by dipolar interaction with the electron spins of the CM, giving a single peak. This strongly suggests that these P-rich components are embedded in the carbonaceous microstructures, as already observed for other inorganic compounds in Precambrian rocks (van Zuilen et al, 2012) and in meteorites (El Amri et al, 2005). The extraction of the CM by the demineralization procedure could have destroyed the P-rich microprecipitates, with formation of direct C-P bonds in the carbonaceous network that are responsible for measurable hf couplings with both isotropic and dipolar contributions.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

“…The loss of functional groups, heteroatoms, and hydrogen occurring during aromatization of the CM may ultimately lead to crystalline graphite (Buseck and Huang, 1985;Wopenka and Pasteris, 1993;Bustin et al, 1995;Beyssac et al, 2002Beyssac et al, , 2003Bernard et al, 2010), with the total loss of memory of the biological origin of this carbon material. This typically occurs for metamorphic grade in the amphibolite facies or higher (van Zuilen et al, 2012), implying that molecular biosignatures can only be sought in formations with lower metamorphic grades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nuclear Magnetic Biosignatures in the Carbonaceous Matter of Ancient Cherts: Comparison with Carbonaceous Meteorites

et al. 2013

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The search for organic biosignatures is motivated by the hope of understanding the conditions of emergence of life on Earth and the perspective of finding traces of extinct life in martian sediments. Paramagnetic radicals, which exist naturally in amorphous carbonaceous matter fossilized in Precambrian cherts, were used as local structural probes and studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The nuclear magnetic resonance transitions of elements inside and around these radicals were detected by monitoring the nuclear modulations of electron spin echo in pulsed EPR. We found that the carbonaceous matter of fossilized microorganisms with age up to 3.5 billion years gives specific nuclear magnetic signatures of hydrogen (¹H), carbon (¹³C), and phosphorus (³¹P) nuclei. We observed that these potential biosignatures of extinct life are found neither in the carbonaceous matter of carbonaceous meteorites (4.56 billion years), the most ancient objects of the Solar System, nor in any carbonaceous matter resulting from carbonization of organic and bioorganic precursors. These results indicate that these nuclear signatures are sensitive to thermal episodes and can be used for Archean cherts with metamorphism not higher than the greenschist facies.

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supporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Magnetic Biosignatures in the Carbonaceous Matter of Ancient Cherts: Comparison with Carbonaceous Meteorites

et al. 2013

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“…of amorphous CM, R 1 increases with structural order increasing until a certain maximum is reached and then decreases with increasing structural order until the D band is absent . The same phenomenon was reported for the CM of shungite rocks subjected to the contact metamorphism overprinted by the regional metamorphism and is discussed in this study for the hydrothermally altered migrated shungites.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…It makes the study more complicated and requires to apply Raman spectroscopy together with electron diffraction, which has been widely used to study structural ordering of CM of various genesis. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In the present work, we have studied the CM structural characteristics of the three shungite groups subjected to the weathering in natural conditions upon the various factors:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopy of weathered shungites

Chazhengina

Kovalevski

2017

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a useful tool for the study of carbonaceous material (CM). This method is used to distinguish various types of CM and to study the evolution of Raman spectra characteristics of CM during metamorphic transformations. In the present study, we applied the Raman spectroscopy and electron diffraction methods to investigate the evolution of structural ordering of CM of shungite rocks, Karelia (Russia), during weathering. The studies of the CM structure evolution during weathering are rare and ambiguous. The Raman spectra of weathered shungites are characterized by increase of FWHM‐D1, that is accompanied by the decrease of intensity‐based ratio R1 = ID/IG and the change of the intensity of the bands in second‐order region. The Raman spectral data indicate that weathering results in the alteration of both intralayer and interlayer ordering of shungites, but there are some peculiarities for the shungites subjected to the various types of weathering. The present study establishes that the Raman spectra characteristics of weathered shungites can be used as the indicators of weathering for CM from various carbon‐bearing rocks. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…(A) Generalized lithostratigraphic profile through the entire Paleoproterozoic succession of the Onega Basin as represented in the Onega parametric drill hole (modified after. (B) Generalized lithostratigraphic profile of the Zaonega Formation (ZF) intersected by the Fennoscandian Arctic Russia -Drilling Early Earth Project drillhole 12AB, d 13 C org profile and previously published TOC abundances(Van Zuilen et al, 2012). Isotopic compositions of organic matter were determined by analyzing bulk rock samples and micro-drilled pyrobitumen-rich veins and their host rocks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanotrophy in a Paleoproterozoic oil field ecosystem, Zaonega Formation, Karelia, Russia

Črne

Lepland

et al. 2012

Geobiology

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Organic carbon rich rocks in the c. 2.0 Ga Zaonega Formation (ZF), Karelia, Russia, preserve isotopic characteristics of a Paleoproterozoic ecosystem and record some of the oldest known oil generation and migration. Isotopic data derived from drill core material from the ZF show a shift in δ(13) C(org) from c. -25‰ in the lower part of the succession to c. -40‰ in the upper part. This stratigraphic shift is a primary feature and cannot be explained by oil migration, maturation effects, or metamorphic overprints. The shift toward (13) C-depleted organic matter (δ(13) C(org) < -25‰) broadly coincides with lithological evidence for the generation of oil and gas in the underlying sediments and seepage onto the sea floor. We propose that the availability of thermogenic CH(4) triggered the activity of methanotrophic organisms, resulting in the production of anomalously (13) C-depleted biomass. The stratigraphic shift in δ(13) C(org) records the change from CO(2) -fixing autotrophic biomass to biomass containing a significant contribution from methanotrophy. It has been suggested recently that this shift in δ(13) C(org) reflects global forcing and progressive oxidation of the Earth. However, the lithologic indication for local thermogenic CH(4) , sourced within the oil field, is consistent with basinal methanotrophy. This indicates that regional/basinal processes can also explain the δ(13) C(org) negative isotopic shift observed in the ZF.

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Mineral-templated growth of natural graphite films

Cited by 42 publications

References 42 publications

Nuclear Magnetic Biosignatures in the Carbonaceous Matter of Ancient Cherts: Comparison with Carbonaceous Meteorites

Nuclear Magnetic Biosignatures in the Carbonaceous Matter of Ancient Cherts: Comparison with Carbonaceous Meteorites

Raman spectroscopy of weathered shungites

Methanotrophy in a Paleoproterozoic oil field ecosystem, Zaonega Formation, Karelia, Russia

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