Mineral waters: instead of cosmetics or better than cosmetics?

Effect of São Pedro do Sul thermal water on skin irritation

“…In this study, as expected, 24 h exposition of forearm skin to an aqueous solution of SLS 2% under occlusion led to an increase of the TEWL values. Increases in the TEWL values until 2 or 3 days after irritation induced by SLS had been seen in many studies [3]. Katsarou et al.…”

“…Sodium lauryl sulphate exposure tests are commonly used to access the efficacy of different moisturizers or barrier creams in preventing or healing skin irritation [3]. SLS acute exposition has effects on the stratum corneum, on viable epidermis and on dermis leading to erythema, sometimes associated with infiltration and with superficial erosion of the epithelium.…”

“…On the basis of their chemical characteristics, waters may be classified as oligomineral waters (mineralization <200 mg L )1 ), medium mineral waters (mineralization between 200 and 1000 mg L )1 ) and mineral waters (mineralization above 1000 mg L )1 ) [3].…”

Health and Wellness Tourism

“…On the basis of their A.R.T.S. Araujo et al 169 mineralisation, waters may be classifi ed as oligomineral waters (mineralisation <200 mg L −1 ), medium mineral waters (mineralisation between 200 and 1,000 mg L −1 ) and mineral waters (mineralisation above 1,000 mg L −1 ) (Ghersetich et al 2001 ). They are classifi ed as sulphurous, bicarbonate, carbonic, sulphated, arsenical and ferruginous water on the basis of their chemical content, depending on the relative presence of these minerals in a ponderable amount (Ghersetich et al 2001 ).…”

Incorporation of Cró thermal water in a dermocosmetic formulation: cytotoxicity effects, characterization and stability studies and efficacy evaluation

“…To get the balance and the hydration of the skin, and to achieve the cutaneous welfare, it could be used mineral thermal waters that are currently included on formulations for medicinal purposes . In addition, since mineral medicinal waters are rich in minerals and oligoelements with proved dermatological indications, it can be considered as a useful raw material for dermocosmetic formulations, which are widely recognized for the capacity to encapsulate, stabilize, carry and deliver these elements . Indeed, the development of dermocosmetic formulations to provide a prolonged release and better skin penetration of hydrophilic active compounds from thermal waters is an attractive challenge .…”