Mineralization of Organic Nitrogen in Soil

Harmsen, G. W.; Schreven, D. A. van

doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60341-7

Cited by 308 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 308 publications

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“…The lowest proportion of N mineralization was from fescue amended soil from the CB, BF, BF and CL cropping systems. These results are consistent with the general observation that the decomposition without net immobilization of mineral N occurs when the C:N ratio of crop residues is <25 (Harmsen and van Schreven 1955;Jansson and Persson 1982).…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

Plant residue and cropping system effects on N dynamics in a Gray Luvisolic soil

Broersma¹,

Juma²,

Robertson³

2000

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2000. Plant residue and cropping system effects on N dynamics in a Gray Luvisolic soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 80: 277-282. Soil samples from differing cropping systems were amended with 15 N-labeled plant residues having varying carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratios to quantify N dynamics in a Gray Luvisolic soil. For non-amended cropping systems a significantly greater amount of total N was mineralized from the continuous legume (CL) than from the continuous grass (CG), barley/forage (BF) rotations, or continuous barley (CB) cropping systems. The addition of the fababean (Vicia faba L.) plant residue resulted in net N mineralization from most of the cropping systems. After 20 wk, 14.0%, 10.5% and 7.1% of the 15 N was mineralized from fababean, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and fescue (Festuca rubra L.) amended residues, respectively, when averaged across cropping systems. Crop residues replenish organic matter, build nutrient reserve and increase productivity of the soil. The decomposition and mineralization rates can be assessed empirically by measuring the carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratios of crop residues and changes in mineral N in soil. Plant residues with wide C:N ratios decompose slowly (Parr and Papendick 1978). The decomposition rate of plant residues is also closely related to N content (Janzen and Kucey 1988). Organic materials with C:N ratios of about 25 or less (Keeney 1985), or N content >1.5% (Hausenbuiller 1972) are required for net N mineralization to occur quickly. Knowledge of decomposition rates of organic materials in soils under different crops or amended with different crop residues is important for the development of cropping systems which recycle nutrients efficiently (Keeney 1985). Reported are net N mineralization and plant residue decomposition rates for surface samples from a Gray Luvisol soil under diverse cropping systems amended with 15 N-labeled barley, fescue and fababean plant residues under laboratory conditions.Ten random soil samples were taken to a depth of 15 cm at the end of the 19th growing season from the four replications of the four cropping systems consisting of CB (cv. Galt), BF rotation, CG (bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss. 'Carlton'), and CL (red clover, Trifolium pratense L. 'Norlac') (Broersma et al. 1996). The BF rotation was alternated every 3 yr, and each phase of the rotation was present in every year and denoted as BF for the barley phase and BF for the forage phase. The forage phase was a mixture of bromegrass and red clover. In the year of sampling the BF cropping system was in fallow for weed control management.Samples were air-dried for 2 wk and passed through a 2-mm stainless steel sieve. Larger organic debris was removed prior to bulking equal volumes of soil from each replicate into one composite sample. Twenty-five-gram soil samples from each cropping system were either not amended or amended with three different types of 0.5 g of ground 1-mm diameter 15 N labeled plant residue (five cropping systems, four amendments, and three replicates for a total of 60 sa...

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Plant residue and cropping system effects on N dynamics in a Gray Luvisolic soil

Broersma¹,

Juma²,

Robertson³

2000

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…HE INFLUENCE of nitrogen and C/N ratios on straw 1 decomposition has been investigated extensively (1,8,9,10,12). Bartholomew (3) reported in a review that the application of inorganic N to plant residues has both hastened and retarded decomposition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat Straw Decomposition in the Field

Smith¹,

Douglas²

1971

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties ‘Nugaines’ and ‘Lemhi’ were grown on Portneuf silt loam soil with three nitrogen and three irrigation treatments in 1967. After harvest, 84 kg N/ha was applied to half of each plot before plowing. Uniform straw samples were enclosed in fiberglass cloth bags and buried in the plots September 7. The straw placed in N‐treated plots received sufficient N in solution to increase the straw N from about 0.29 to 1.5%. Straw samples were recovered November 15, after the soil had cooled below 4C, and at three later sampling dates to October 3, 1968, after a bean crop (Phaseolus spp.) was harvested. Weight loss and total N were determined on all samplings and total C on the first sampling. Decomposition was greater with N than without it for the November sampling and the March sampling for Nugaines but not at other samplings for both varieties. The weight of N in both N‐treated straw varieties decreased 55% by November 15, while in the non‐N‐treated Nugaines and Lemhi straw, N weight increased 12 and 32%, respectively, by March 22. Later, N moved out of all the straw samples when the N percentages were much lower than the theoretical equilibrium value.

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“…Experiment 3 studied the time course of N mineralisation over 8 weeks using a leaching technique to ensure that accumulation of mineral N did not inhibit mineralisation (Harmsen and Schreven, 1955) for the field-grown residues, with and without the addition of inorganic P. The soil-sand-residue mixture was transferred into 100 mL leaching tubes. Mineral N initially present was removed by leaching with 100 mL of 0.01 M CaCl 2 in 20 mL increments, followed by 25 mL of a nutrient solution devoid of N and P (0.002 M CaSO 4 .H 2 O, 0.002 M MgSO 4 .H 2 O and 0.0025 M K 2 SO 4 , similar to that used by Frankenberger and Albdelmagid (1985)), and for the plus P treatments a solution of NaH 2 PO 4 supplying 40 mg kg 1 soil.…”

Section: Incubation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nguluu

Myers²,

Waring

1997

Plant and Soil

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Laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the effect of phosphorus concentration in residues of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, L. Walp) and stylo (Stylosanthes hamata, L., cv Verano) on their rate of nitrogen mineralisation when incubated in a soil whose P status was deficient for plant growth. Residues with a range of P concentrations were obtained by applying varying rates of P to soil in which the plants were grown in the field or the glasshouse. Variations in P concentration of field-or glasshouse-grown residues were not accompanied by variations in other chemical components (C:N ratio, lignin and polyphenol concentrations). Both lignin and polyphenol concentrations were higher in the field-grown than in the glasshouse-grown residues. Lignin concentration was greater in cowpea than in stylo, but polyphenols were higher in stylo. Cowpea residues mineralised N less rapidly than stylo. N mineralisation from residues with low P concentration was consistently less than from those of higher P concentration; reduced mineralisation was observed for P concentration in the residues below 1.6 g kg 1 . When inorganic P was added to the residue-soil systems, N mineralisation from the residues was increased, though no interaction between the effects of adding inorganic P and P concentration in the residues was observed.

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Mineralization of Organic Nitrogen in Soil

Cited by 308 publications

References 308 publications

Plant residue and cropping system effects on N dynamics in a Gray Luvisolic soil

Plant residue and cropping system effects on N dynamics in a Gray Luvisolic soil

Wheat Straw Decomposition in the Field

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