Mineralization of the antibiotic levofloxacin by the electro-peroxone process using a filter-press flow cell with a 3D air-diffusion electrode

Detection and Treatment of Persistent Pollutants in Water: General Review of Pharmaceutical Products

“…[250,251] The H 2 O 2 has been replaced by HClO resulting in 100 % degradation of sulfamethoxazome. [252] Finally a combined EAOP is electro-peroxone where ozone is injected to react with electrochemically produced H 2 O 2 to form * OH which gives it high oxidation power and by means of which antibiotics such as levofloxacin, [253] chloramphenicol, [254] ofloxacin, [255] and antidepressants. [256] When processes are employed (singly or in combination), the most important factors to consider are: [7] 1.…”

Electro-Peroxone and Photoelectro-Peroxone Hybrid Approaches: An Emerging Paradigm for Wastewater Treatment

“…Moreover, BOD/COD ratio of 0.4 and 0.04 has been obtained for processed and unprocessed real pesticide wastewater, respectively [88]. Another attempt was made in which a filter-press flow cell integrated with three-dimensional air diffusion electrode-based lab scale plant was devised to disintegrate levofloxacin and 63% mineralization accomplished at 3 pH [89]. Likewise, GF was modified with cerium oxides (CeOx) to well-designed cathode, and H 2 O 2 exhibited chemisorption with CeOx; consequently, it will prompt reaction with O 3 as compared with bulk H 2 O 2 .…”

“…Where SEC EP and SEC PEP are the specific energy consumptions for EP and PEP sequentially measured in kWh (gTOC removed ) À1 , and SER PEP is the specific energy consumption or electrical energy requirement measured in kWh (gCOD removed ) À1 .U is an average cell voltage (V), I denotes current (A), t represents reaction time (h), r symbolizes energy requirements for ozone formation (kWh (kgO 3 ) À1 ), C O3 designates ozone quantity consumed during EP and PEP approaches, TOC 0 and TOC t indicate total organic carbon in the solution at 0 time and any time t (mg L À1 ), [PCT] 0 and [PCT] t symbolize concentrations of unprocessed and processed paracetamol (PCT), respectively, V shows solution volume (L), P UV denotes power of UV lamp (W) [108], Δ(TOC exp ) represents change in the concentration of TOC [89], (C 0 À C t ) is the concentration of LEV in untreated and treated wastewater sequentially, R denotes energy expenditure for ozone formation, C symbolizes concentration of inlet ozone, Q indicates flow rate of gaseous ozone [41], a represents energy attained for ozone formation, Q gas designates feed gas volume, and C O3 reveals feed gas comprising ozone concentration [26].…”

“…Electrolytic energy consumption (EC) of 0.27 kWh (gTOC removed ) À1 was obtained via Eq. (34) during levofloxacin mineralization employing 3-D perforated electrode by EP [89]. 37.7% and 41.1% COD have been excluded via EP and 3-D TiO 2 /GAC system within 90 minutes by exhausting electrical energy of 0.1 and 0.08 kWh (gCOD removed ) À1 , respectively [68].…”

Nanostructured electrodes for electrocatalytic advanced oxidation processes: From materials preparation to mechanisms understanding and wastewater treatment applications

“…Ghalebizade and Ayati (2019) [429] showed the ability of this process to treat the effluents with high pollutant concentration using a continuous circular flow reactor with 99% degradation efficiency of 500 mg L -1 of Acid Orange solution at 40 min. Finally, Cornejo and Nava 106 (2021) [430] compared ozonation, AO-H2O2 and electro-peroxone processes for the treatment of levofloxacin in a lab scale flow plant and reported the oxidation power in the following order: electroperoxone > ozonation > AO-H2O2. Electro-peroxone was able to reach 63% of mineralization of levofloxacin solution with a low energy consumption of 0.27 kWh (gTOC) -1 .…”