Mineralization, Volatilization, and Degradation of Carbofuran in Soil Samples from Kenya

Lalah, Joseph O.; Wandiga, Shem O.; Dauterman, W.C.

doi:10.1007/s001289900006

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Carbofuran phenol was the only degradation product in all inoculated soils (Table 4). This result was coincided with the finding of Lalah et al (1996) who reported that carbofuran phenol was the main degradation product in soil treated with carbofuran.…”

Section: Bioaugmentation Of Carbofuransupporting

confidence: 95%

Effects of rhizosphere remediation and bioaugmentation on carbofuran removal from soil

Plangklang

Reungsang

2007

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Rhizosphere soil contains important sources of nutrients for microorganisms resulting in high number of microorganisms capable of degrading various types of chemicals in the soil. Thus, this study investigated a carbofuran dissipation in rhizosphere soils of 6 weeds namely, umbrella sedge (Cyperus iria L.), fuzzy flatsedge (C. pilosus V.), small flower umbrella plant (C. difformis L.), tall-fringe-rush hoorah grass (Fimbristylis miliacea V.), cover fern (Marsilea crenata P.), and water primrose (Jussiaea linifolia V.). Rhizosphere soil of fuzzy flatsedge showed the shortest half-life (t 1/2 ) of carbofuran (15 days) among other soils. So, it was selected to be used in the bioaugmentation experiment using carbofuran degrader namely Burkholderia cepacia, PCL3, as inoculum in order to examine whether they would improve carbofuran degradation in soil. The results showed that the addition of PCL3 into rhizosphere soil did not improve carbofuran degradation suggesting that microorganisms in rhizosphere soil might be capable enough to remove carbofuran from soil. The number of carbofuran degraders in the rhizosphere soils was greater than in bulk soil 10-100 times which might be responsible to a rapid degradation of carbofuran in rhizosphere soils without the addition of PCL3. The ability of PCL3 to degrade carbofuran was evident in bulk soil (t 1/2 of 12 days) and autoclaved soils (t 1/2 13-14 days) when compared to soils without an inoculation (t 1/2 of 58 days) indicated that the addition of a degrader was useful in improving carbofuran degradation in soil.

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Section: Bioaugmentation Of Carbofuransupporting

confidence: 95%

Effects of rhizosphere remediation and bioaugmentation on carbofuran removal from soil

Plangklang

Reungsang

2007

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…This value is still higher than the uninoculated soil (natural microflora) (25%). The control soil treated with carbofuran and not inoculated with bacteria also showed a higher degradation rate, which may be Downloaded by [Selcuk Universitesi] at 00:28 27 December 2014 due to biotic factors as a result of indigenous microflora and biotic degradation due to hydrolysis [39], volatilisation, photodegradation and oxidation [40]. These factors are not as important as microbial degradation, but they contribute to the degradation process.…”

Section: Carbofuran Degradation In Soilmentioning

confidence: 95%

Characterisation and identification of carbofuran-utilising bacteria isolated from agricultural soil

Abou-Shanab

Khalafallah

Emam

et al. 2012

Chemistry and Ecology

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A total of 96 bacterial cultures were isolated from soil. Seventeen bacterial isolates were selected following their cultivation on solid media containing 100 mg · L −1 carbofuran as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Of the 17 isolates, 10F, 11M, 17N, 23B and 26M were specifically chosen because of their relatively higher growth efficiency and genetic diversity based on Box-polymerase chain reaction analysis. These bacterial cultures had 16S rRNA gene sequences that were most similar to Acinetobacter baumannii (10F), Agrobacterium tumefaciens (11M), Ochrobactrum anthropi (17N), Escherichia coli (23B) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens (26M) with 97, 95, 93, 95 and 94% similarity in their 16S rDNA gene sequence, respectively. Degradation rates of carbofuran in soil inoculated with these isolates were 1.9, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7 and 1.6 times, respectively, faster in comparison with uninoculated soil after 10 days of incubation. The maximum degradation rates of carbofuran (45 and 91%) were detected in soil inoculated with A. baumannii (10F) after 10 and 20 days' incubation, respectively. These data indicate that these isolates may have the potential for use in bioremediation of pesticide contaminated soil.

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“…In addition to natural sources, anthropogenic activity may contribute to phenols including those generated from NMC hydrolysis because pesticides are routinely applied in Ruiru, and the NMC carbofuran has been detected in surface water by other researchers. [9,46] However, it is yet to be determined whether NMCs make any significant contribution to phenol concentrations in the Ruiru River, and future studies by our group will focus on exploring possible correlation between phenols detected in river water and NMCs that are used in the area.…”

Section: Phenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NMCs are used in Kenya in plantation-scale agriculture, small subsistence holdings and on livestock, and the pesticides have been detected in rivers and streams and attributed to agricultural run-off. [9][10][11][12][13] Results from this study should provide baseline data for future studies on NMC pesticide chemical fate in the Ruiru River and similar tropical water systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical surface water quality studies: Implications for the aquatic fate ofN-methyl carbamate pesticides

Zamini

Monn

et al. 2017

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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Water quality assessment was conducted on the Ruiru River, a tributary of an important tropical river system in Kenya, to determine baseline river conditions for studies on the aquatic fate of N-methyl carbamate (NMC) pesticides. Measurements were taken at the end of the long rainy season in early June 2013. Concentrations of copper (0.21-1.51 ppm), nitrates (2.28-4.89 ppm) and phosphates (0.01-0.50 ppm) were detected at higher values than in uncontaminated waters, and attributed to surface runoff from agricultural activity in the surrounding area. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen (8-10 ppm), ammonia (0.02-0.22 ppm) and phenols (0.19-0.83 ppm) were found to lie within normal ranges. The Ruiru River was found to be slightly basic (pH 7.08-7.70) with a temperature of 17.8-21.2 C. The half-life values for hydrolysis of three NMC pesticides (carbofuran, carbaryl and propoxur) used in the area were measured under laboratory conditions, revealing that rates of decay were influenced by the electronic nature of the NMCs. The hydrolysis half-lives at pH 9 and 18 C decreased in the order carbofuran (57.8 h) > propoxur (38.5 h) > carbaryl (19.3 h). In general, a decrease in the electron density of the NMC aromatic ring increases the acidity of the N-bound proton removed in the rate-limiting step of the hydrolysis mechanism. Our results are consistent with this prediction, and the most electron-poor NMC (carbaryl) hydrolyzed fastest, while the most electron-rich NMC (carbofuran) hydrolyzed slowest. Results from this study should provide baseline data for future studies on NMC pesticide chemical fate in the Ruiru River and similar tropical water systems.

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Mineralization, Volatilization, and Degradation of Carbofuran in Soil Samples from Kenya

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Effects of rhizosphere remediation and bioaugmentation on carbofuran removal from soil

Effects of rhizosphere remediation and bioaugmentation on carbofuran removal from soil

Characterisation and identification of carbofuran-utilising bacteria isolated from agricultural soil

Tropical surface water quality studies: Implications for the aquatic fate ofN-methyl carbamate pesticides

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