Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of late Cretaceous bentonite deposits of the Kelkit Valley Region, northern Turkey

Yalçın, Hüseyin; Gümüşer, G.

doi:10.1180/000985500547250

Cited by 45 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…According to Borchardt (1977), formation from the group 2:1 type of smectite minerals could be supposed after the addition of little iron. Moreover, Yalcin and Gumuser (2000) reported that clay fraction is dominated by smectite and lesser amounts of I-S, illite, chlorite and kaolinite in Kelkit Valley. Finally, Kılıç (1987) reported the similar consequences in two soil profile that represent reddish chestnut soils in the lower Kelkit Basin (Tokat province).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Thirteen great soil groups recognized in the area can be summarized as brown forest (46.54%), noncalcerous brown forest (14.08%), brown (12.60%), chestnut (6.08%), stony-rocky areas (5.63%), noncalcerous brown (4.56%), high mountain-rangeland (3.51%), alluvial (2.85%), colluvial (2.34%), reddish brown (1.10%), grey brown podsolic (0.63%), hydromorphic (0.06%), and salty-alkaline (0.03) (KHGM 2002). Quartz, feldspar, biotite, trace amounts of augite together with pumice and volcanic rock fragments are the volcanogenic components of the region, while diagenetic minerals are represented by clay, calcite, opal-CT, zeolite and dolomite (Yalcin and Gumuser 2000).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineral composite assessment of Kelkit River Basin in Turkey by means of remote sensing

Doğan

2009

J Earth Syst Sci

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Utilizing remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) tools, mineral composite characteristics (ferrous minerals (FM), iron oxide (IO), and clay minerals (CM)) of the Kelkit River Basin (15913.07 km 2 ) in Turkey were investigated and mapped. Mineral composite (MC) index maps were produced from three LANDSAT-ETM+ satellite images taken in 2000. Resulting MC index maps were summarized in nine classes by using 'natural breaks' classification method in GIS. Employing bi-variety correlation analysis, relationships among index maps were investigated. According to the results, FM and IO index maps showed positive correlation, while CM index map is negatively correlated with FM and IO index maps. Negative correlations between iron and clay variables suggested that the dominant clay minerals of the study area might be smectite, illite, kaolinite, and chlorite, which have little or no iron content. Using field data for which their geographic coordinates had been determined by global positioning system (GPS), developed MC maps were verified, and found dependable for environmental and ecological modeling studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral composite assessment of Kelkit River Basin in Turkey by means of remote sensing

Doğan

2009

J Earth Syst Sci

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“…Çerikçioğlu and Yalçın, 1998;Yalçın and Gümüşer, 2000;Bozkaya, 2002, 2003;Yalçın et al, 2005) According to KI and AI (∆°2θ) data; The Kayabaşı formation has low grade diagenesis, the Dedemli formation has high grade formation and the Mahmut Tepesi formation has high grade digenesis and anchizone degree. With increasing degree of diagenesis the smectite component of illites decreases.…”

Section: Discussion and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to volcanic glass and/or matrix, typical in volcanogenic rocks, it is considered by many investigators (Yalçın and Gümüşer, 2000;Yalçın and Bozkaya, 2003;Yalçın et al, 2005), who studied in similar environments, that the cations, which occur by the decomposition of K-feldspars with sea water and not used in other phyllosilicate structure, caused the formation illite/muscovites: In all geological times, the chlorites in sedimentary rocks are observed as residual in degradation profiles starting from the regressive metamorphism or diagenesis of the host-rock. However, they were Gat et al, 1996; magmatic water composition from Taylor, 1968). derived either from the alteration zones or completely from the alteration of green schists in which the whole component is chlorite in sedimentary basins.…”

Section: Discussion and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagenetic History of the Rock Units of Bozkir Unit Controlled by the Triassic Rifting, Bozkir-Konya

Yalçın¹,

Bozkaya²,

Takçi³

2016

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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The Bozkır Unit representing the northern edge of the Taurus Belt comprises, from bottom to top, three distinct structural entities; the Upper Triassic pre-rift (Korualan Group), the Upper Triassic-Upper Cretaceous syn-rift (Huğlu Group) and the Jurassic-Cretaceous Boyalı Tepe Group as to their structural settings. The Korualan Group is represented by the alternations of carbonate (limestone, dolomitic limestone, dolomite) with radiolarite and chert intercalations and clastic rocks (sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, shale). The Huğlu Group is made up of volcanic (basalt, andesite) and pyroclastic (tuffaceous sandstone) rocks including radiolarite, limestone and clastic rock (sandstone, siltstone, shale) intercalations. The Boyalı Tepe Group is completely made of carbonate rocks. The carbonate-silisiclastic-volcanogenic rocks of the Bozkır Unit contain carbonate (calcite, dolomite), quartz, feldspar (plagioclase, anorthoclase), phyllosilicate (illite, chlorite, mixed-layered illite-chlorite / I-C, chlorite-vermiculite / C-V, chlorite-smectite / C-S, rare smectite), augite, hematite, analcime and heulandite in order of abundance. On the basis of illite Kübler Index data; Korualan and Huğlu Group reflect low grade diagenetic, high grade diagenetic and high grade diagenetic-anchizonal characteristics, respectively. The illite/micas of the pre-rift units and units related to the rifting have muscovitic, and phengitic and seladonitic compositions, respectively. The distributions of chondritenormalized trace and rare earth element (REE) contents in illites present similar trends for Korualan ve Huğlu groups, but the quantities of these elements slightly increase in the Huğlu Group. δ 18 O-δD isotopic compositions of water forming the illite minerals are different than that of sea water and are found to be between the Eastern Mediterranean Meteoric Water (EMMW) and magmatic water compositions. It also shows that temperature of the water forming illite minerals varies from low to high values. The findings from the rocks of Bozkır Unit suggest that pre-and syn-rift units have different mineralogical-petrographic and geochemical properties. The younger units within the rift due to extension and crustal thinning related to rifting must have been exposed in higher diagenetic conditions by more burial and heat with respect to older units on the edges.

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“…In nature, alteration minerals in different rock units of different geological environments, such as marine, lacustrine, fluvial, detrital, etc., develop either by direct precipitation from solution or transformation from other precursor minerals and amorphous materials, or detritally due to diagenesis, weathering, or hydrothermal processes (Velde 1985). Hydrothermal alteration is very common in the Eastern Black Sea Region due to volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralization (Ç agatay 1993;Akçay 2004;Ç elik et al 1999) and in situ alteration of volcanic units in different parts of the region (Yalçın and Gümüşer 2000;Abdioglu and Arslan 2005;Arslan et al 2006). To the best of our knowledge, no detailed mineralogical research concerning the alteration process and distribution of alteration products were previously conducted in the Zonguldak region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effect and genetic influence: a regional cancer predisposition survey in the Zonguldak region of Northwest Turkey

et al. 2007

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The Cretaceous-Eocene volcano-sedimentary units of the Zonguldak region of the western Black Sea consist of subalkaline andesite and tuff, and sandstone dominated by smectite, kaolinite, accessory chlorite, illite, mordenite, and analcime associated with feldspar, quartz, opal-CT, amphibole, and calcite. Kaolinization, chloritization, sericitization, albitization, Fe-Ti-oxidation, and the presence of zeolite, epidote, and illite in andesitic rocks and tuffaceous materials developed as a result of the degradation of a glass shards matrix, enclosed feldspar, and clinopyroxene-type phenocrysts, due to alteration processes. The association of feldspar and glass with smectite and kaolinite, and the suborientation of feldspar-edged, subparallel kaolinite plates to fracture axes may exhibit an authigenic smectite or kaolinite. Increased alteration degree upward in which Al, Fe, and Ti are gained, and Si, Na, K, and Ca are depleted, is due to the alteration following possible diagenesis and hydrothermal activities. Micromorphologically, fibrous mordenite in the altered units and the presence of needle-type chrysotile in the residential buildings in which cancer cases lived were detected. In addition, the segregation pattern of cancer susceptibility in the region strongly suggested an environmental effect and a genetic influence on the increased cancer incidence in the region. The most likely diagnosis was Li-Fraumeni syndrome, which is one of the hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes; however, no mutations were observed in the p53 gene, which is the major cause of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The micromorphology observed in the altered units in which cancer cases were detected may have a role in the expression of an unidentified gene, but does not explain alone the occurrence of cancer as a primary cause in the region.

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Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of late Cretaceous bentonite deposits of the Kelkit Valley Region, northern Turkey

Cited by 45 publications

References 33 publications

Mineral composite assessment of Kelkit River Basin in Turkey by means of remote sensing

Mineral composite assessment of Kelkit River Basin in Turkey by means of remote sensing

Diagenetic History of the Rock Units of Bozkir Unit Controlled by the Triassic Rifting, Bozkir-Konya

Environmental effect and genetic influence: a regional cancer predisposition survey in the Zonguldak region of Northwest Turkey

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