Four tailings representative of mineralization types were taken at abandoned metal mines, and 32 elements classified as from critical minerals were analyzed. Among the elements, vanadium (V), bismuth (Bi), manganese (Mn), and antimony (Sb), contained at concentrations exceeding the average abundance of the earth's crust, were examined in terms of their recovery characteristics by heavy liquid and magnetic separations. Although tailings from the Fe-Ti mine contained 1,354 mg/kg of V, improvement of V grade was limited by the separations. Tailings from the W mine with 153 mg/kg of Bi were increased by 3.5 and 6.3 times by concentration by heavy liquid and magnetic separations, respectively. In addition, tailings from the Cu-Pb-Zn mine with 13,756 mg/kg of Mn were concentrated about 1.8 times by heavy liquid separation. Tailings from the Zn mine with 87 mg/kg of Sb were concentration by 1.7 times by magnetic separation. This study promotes recycling through the mineral processing of abandoned tailings.