Mineralogical characterization of Islamic stucco: Minaret of Shams El-Deen El-Wasty, Bulaq, Egypt

Kamel, Abdullah M.A.; Marie, Hassan Abbass Hassan; Afifi, Hala A. M.; Ali, Mona F.

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.059

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The results of EDX analysis of sample (1C) (Fig. 5) proved the presence of the following elements: calcium (Ca), sulfur (S) carbon (C), oxygen (O), silicon (Si), which may give an evidence to the occurrence of gypsum phases, calcite and quartz [17]. These results are compatible with the previously given XRD results.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy-energy Dispersive X-ray Analysissupporting

confidence: 90%

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Characterization of a Greco-Roman Stucco Mask (Reg. No. 229) Preserved at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, Cairo, Egypt

KAMEL,

ALI,

KHEDR

et al. 2023

J. Sci. Arts

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The Greco-Roman stucco masks are of great historical, artistic and religious importance. According to the restoration-conservation strategies, the detailed mineral characterization of artifacts is an important step that facilitates the selection of appropriate restoration procedures. Different characterization techniques such as USB digital microscope, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermal analysis (DTA/DTG), Fourier transform infrared and micro-Raman spectroscopies were used. The results indicated that gypsum is the main component of the stucco mask. As well, calcite was found as an impurity or an addition together with halite and anhydrite as deterioration products. The iron nail corrosion was the reason for a notable discoloration to the stucco mask. FTIR analysis confirms that animal glue is the adhesive material used for the reassembly of the mask. The used pigments for painting the mask are hematite for red-orange color, mixture of hematite and magnetite for brown color and mixture of gypsum and hematite for the white brown color.

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Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy-energy Dispersive X-ray Analysissupporting

confidence: 90%

“…is highly resulted from the exposure to high temperature and relative humidity for a long time or from an impurity in the gypsum raw materials and not affected by the calcination process. Furthermore, it is acceptable that it may be resulted from the overheating of gypsum raw materials [11][12][13].…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Greco-Roman Stucco Mask (Reg. No. 229) Preserved at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, Cairo, Egypt

KAMEL,

ALI,

KHEDR

et al. 2023

J. Sci. Arts

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several studies on the historical gypsum of some ancient Egyptian tombs in Aswan, Luxor, and Siwa Oasis indicate that gypsum turns into anhydrite, and the approximate percentage of its results ranged between 24% and 97%. [79][80][81]. The disappearance of the gypsum phase and the appearance of the anhydrite and basanite phases were also observed by analyzing the gypsum samples by X-ray diffraction after exposure to fire [82].…”

Section: Manifestations and Effects Of Deterioration Factors On Fatim...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geo-Environmental Hazard Assessment of Archaeological Sites and Archaeological Domes—Fatimid Tombs—Aswan, Egypt

et al. 2022

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The Fatimid state was established in Egypt in 969 and lasted until the end of the dynasty in 1171. During the Fatimid rule in Egypt, a large set of monuments were erected. A significant portion of these monuments were shrines dedicated to the descendants of the Prophet Muhammed, especially in Aswan. Groundwater rising, at present, has introduced severe deterioration to the ancient earthen mud-brick architecture of the Fatimid tombs in Aswan city (Egypt). However, monitoring the influence of anthropogenic and environmental aspects on the deterioration issues in Fatimid tombs has not yet been considered. To this end, the scope of this pilot study is to investigate the structural stability and weathering vulnerability of the building materials of mud-brick structures in the Fatimid Cemetery before restoration labor. This was achieved using an integration of remote sensing (Landsat 8 and SRTM-DEM) and hydrogeological datasets in the Geographic Information System (GIS), along with a physicochemical and mineralogical analysis of various materials (the bearing soil, wall plasters, and Muqarnas) from the affected cemeteries. The morphological and mineralogical compositions of the collected samples were analytically examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and CT scan. Moreover, geotechnical studies were conducted for the perched soil water and subsoil, including the analysis of the physiochemical composition and heavy metals using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results of multitemporal analysis of land use/land cover (LULC) changes displayed the growth and appearance of wetlands near the Fatimid tombs area over the last decades, boosting the geo-environmental risks from soil water rising. Furthermore, the detailed analytical investigations of building materials and soil foundations showed that this unique and substantial ancient Islamic archaeological site of Egypt shows weak geotechnical properties, and it is highly sensitive to natural and anthropogenic stressors. This innovative methodology can produce novel recommendations and results to the Ministry of Antiquities in Egypt and the Heritage Commission in Saudi Arabia for the adequate restoration of monuments.

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Eco-efficient coatings for healthy indoors: Ozone deposition velocities, primary and secondary emissions

Ranesi,

Faria,

Veiga

et al. 2024

Building and Environment

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Mineralogical characterization of Islamic stucco: Minaret of Shams El-Deen El-Wasty, Bulaq, Egypt

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Characterization of a Greco-Roman Stucco Mask (Reg. No. 229) Preserved at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, Cairo, Egypt

Characterization of a Greco-Roman Stucco Mask (Reg. No. 229) Preserved at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, Cairo, Egypt

Geo-Environmental Hazard Assessment of Archaeological Sites and Archaeological Domes—Fatimid Tombs—Aswan, Egypt

Eco-efficient coatings for healthy indoors: Ozone deposition velocities, primary and secondary emissions

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