Mineralogical, compositional and isotope characterization of human kidney stones (urolithiasis) in a Sri Lankan population

Chandrajith, Rohana; Weerasingha, Anushka; Premaratne, K.; Gamage, Dhanushke; Abeygunasekera, Anuruddha M; Joachimski, Michael M.; Senaratne, A.

doi:10.1007/s10653-018-0237-2

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Further, the same study has highlighted that the knowledge regarding mineralogical composition of urinary stones is important as it is needed to the scientific community to explain the chemistry and the causative factors of the calculi in the urinary system (Bouatia et al, 2015). Majority of the urine specimens collected from the study population contained calcium oxalate crystals, which is similar to several reports published by other researchers (Chandrajith et al, 2019;Chandradith et al, 2006;Grifth and Osborne, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…However, the exact role of bacteria in crystal formation has not been extensively investigated though there are several findings to indicate the association between urinary crystals and bacteria (Schwaderer and Wolfe, 2017;Rahman et al, 2003;Torzewska et al, 2014). It has been noted that an elevated urinary crystal concentration, especially calcium oxalate had been recorded while performing urine full report (UFR) in routine urinalysis in Sri Lanka (Chandrajith et al, 2006;Chandrajith et al, 2019). The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between urinary crystals and bacterial flora in the urinary tract infection suspected patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between urinary crystals and bacterial flora in urinary tract infection suspected patients

Abeysekara¹,

Kehelpannala²,

Weerawansa³

et al. 2021

IJKIU

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Urinary stones are an increasing clinical problem in Sri Lanka. It has been reported that 1/10 individuals experience urinary stones, yet the mechanisms responsible remain unknown. Bacteria have long been recognized to contribute to urinary crystals. However, the role of bacteria in development of urinary crystals has not been extensively investigated. This study was carried out to investigate the association between urinary bacteria flora and urinary crystals in patients with symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTI). Forty five UTI suspected patients were enrolled in the study. Mid-stream urine specimens were collected and cultured on Hi-Chrome UTI culture media. Culture plates were incubated at 37 ºC for 18-24 hours. Colony appearance and colony count were recorded and this was followed by urinary crystal count by crystal concentration technique. The Fisher’s exact test was carried out to determine the association between urine crystals and presence of urinary bacterial flora. Out of 45 subjects, 29 were positive for urinary crystals, where 14 were females and 15 were males. Nineteen patients were culture positive while 18 were positive for both crystals and culture. The patients between 30-40 years showed a higher possibility to have urinary crystals and organisms. Predominant crystal type and organism detected were calcium oxalate and coliforms, respectively. Male patients in 30-40 years presented with a higher crystal concentration compared to other males. All female patients, between 30-40 years, who were positive for coliforms and presented with higher crystal concentration compared to other females in the study population. A significant association (p <0.001) was observed between presence of urinary crystals and bacterial flora in UTI suspected patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between urinary crystals and bacterial flora in urinary tract infection suspected patients

Abeysekara¹,

Kehelpannala²,

Weerawansa³

et al. 2021

IJKIU

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“…As one of the most typical biominerals, the biomineralogy of human kidney stones (urinary calculi) has rapidly developed in recent years [1][2][3]. Kidney stones, regarded as one of the most challenging medical issues, have become a global scourge and can even result in the deterioration of renal function and permanent kidney damage [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some of the causes of kidney stone formation remain unknown [4,6,[8][9][10]. Kidney stones can be classified according to mineral composition, which includes four most common types: calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, uric acid, and struvite kidney stones [2,5]. Oxalates of calcium and calcium phosphate are regarded as the two most common types of kidney stones, and a combination of both types is also included.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Data on Geochemical Characteristics of Major and Trace Elements in Typical Biominerals: From the Perspective of Human Kidney Stones

et al. 2021

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The chemical composition of biominerals is essential for understanding biomineral formation and is regarded as an attractive subject in bio-mineralogical research on human kidney stones (urinary calculi). In order to obtain more geochemically interpreted data on biogenic minerals, mineralogical compositions and major and trace element concentrations of sixty-six kidney stone samples derived from kidney stone removal surgeries were measured. Infrared spectroscopy results showed that calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) were the two main mineral components of kidney stones. Geochemical results indicated that major and trace element concentrations were present in the following order: Ca > Mg > Na > K > Zn > Fe > Pb > Ba > Cu > Ti > Mo > Cd > Cr. With the exception of Ca, Mg was the second-most abundant element. Zn exhibited higher concentrations relative to other trace elements, which suggests a potential substitution of calcium by metal ions with a similar charge and radius rather than by metals in kidney stone formation. Pb appeared in significantly higher concentrations than in previous studies, which indicates Pb enrichment in the environment. In order to discern multi-element relationships within kidney stones, principal component analysis was applied. Three principal components (PCs, eigenvalues >1) were extracted to explain 64.4% of the total variance. The first component exhibited positively correlated Na-Zn-Cr-Mo-Cd-Pb, while the second component exhibited more positively weighted Mg-K-Ba-Ti. Fe-Cu demonstrated a positive correlation in the third component. This study suggests that Ca exhibits a preference for uptake by oxalates during human urinary stone crystallization, while other alkali metals and alkaline earth metals precipitate with phosphate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Journal of KIU Volume 2, Issue 1 July 2021

2021

IJKIU

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This article demonstrates, with real world examples, the holistic approach to case study research as a concise practical guide for management research students. It attempts to encapsulate the basic components of qualitative case study research in management studies, with special emphasis on how to set a philosophical framework, articulate research problems and theorise research results. These components of research are identified, classified, and arranged into seven pillars (7Ps) namely; Paradigm, Perspective, Purpose, Plot, Practice, Procedures, and Persuasion. Instead of following the typical sequential execution of a chain of tasks, it is continuously intermingled amongst processes by revising/redoing them to ensure more credible results and produce cogent arguments. This paper shows how to align the research context with philosophical issues (ontological and epistemological paradigm); articulate research problems and choose a methodology; theorise research findings using classical reasoning methods of abduction, deduction, and induction and; expand the theorisation beyond the original research problem. This framework would be useful to research students to place themselves in appropriate ontological and epistemological stances, eliminate doubts, enhance clarity and sharpen the focus towards plausible conclusions.

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Mineralogical, compositional and isotope characterization of human kidney stones (urolithiasis) in a Sri Lankan population

Cited by 20 publications

References 43 publications

Association between urinary crystals and bacterial flora in urinary tract infection suspected patients

Association between urinary crystals and bacterial flora in urinary tract infection suspected patients

Preliminary Data on Geochemical Characteristics of Major and Trace Elements in Typical Biominerals: From the Perspective of Human Kidney Stones

International Journal of KIU Volume 2, Issue 1 July 2021

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