Mineralogical Investigations of Medieval Brick Samples From Békés County (Se Hungary)

Kristály, Ferenc; Kelemen, Éva; Rózsa, P.; Nyilas, I.; Papp, István

doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.2011.00628.x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…According to the previous sections of this paper, evidence turned up that inorganic remnants and their chemistry is plant specific. One of the direct applications of these results was in the case of medieval clay bricks (Kristály et al 2011). The large number of pores was indicative for use of additives (or tempers, in archeological terms) and microscopic remnants were observed.…”

Section: Formation Of Fabric Replacement and Replica Structures Applmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Cellulose in Modeling the Behavior of Vegetal Additive Materials in Clay Based Ceramics: Technical and Archaeological Issues

Kristály¹

2013

Cellulose - Fundamental Aspects

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Section: Formation Of Fabric Replacement and Replica Structures Applmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Cellulose in Modeling the Behavior of Vegetal Additive Materials in Clay Based Ceramics: Technical and Archaeological Issues

Kristály¹

2013

Cellulose - Fundamental Aspects

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“…Several archaeometrical studies of brick production in different European countries have been published recently (e.g. Kristály et al, 2011;López-Arce et al, 2003;Wijffels, 2004;Wolf, 2002), however, no such study of historical Belgian bricks Belgium has been published.…”

Section: Introduction and Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeometric and archaeological characterization of the fired clay brick production in the Brussels-Capital Region between the XIV and the third quarter of the XVIII centuries (Belgium)

Goemaere¹,

Sosnowska²,

Golitko³

et al. 2019

archeosciences

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Brick samples from different archaeological sites represent mostly houses in Brussels (Belgium) built between the end of the Middle ages (end of 13 th-beginning 14 th centuries) and the end of the Modern Period (18 th century). The study gives a mineralogical-petrographical-chemical characterization of the brick samples made in the Brussels-Region and sources the raw silty material, the moulding sand and the lime-mortar. Optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility and scanning electron microscopic with an energy dispersive X-ray attachment were applied both to fired clay bricks and regional clayey materials. Bricks were moulded with a silica rich, non-calcareous loam gathered locally in the alluvial plain of the Senne valley. Material from gleysols and fluvisols were mined separately to shape two types of bricks. A strong chemical resemblance with the thick loessic deposits of the Belgian plateaus results from erosion and river transport and sedimentation in the wide alluvial plain of Brussels. Petrography and geochemistry show minor participation of marine Lower Palaeozoic, Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks from the alimentation area of the Senne. Although clayey tertiary layers outcrop in the Brussels Region and are cut by the numerous tributaries of the Senne valley, they were never exploited for brick making in the Brussels Capital Region. Mineralogical composition and petrography suggest the absence of mixing with river sand or local marine tertiary sands. Local sediments extracted in the valley sides as Eocene fossiliferous fine sand were used as moulding sand. Résumé : Les briques étudiées proviennent majoritairement d'habitations construites à Bruxelles (Belgique) entre la fin du Moyen Âge (fin xiii e-début xiv e siècle) et la fin des temps Modernes (xviii e siècle). L'étude fournit une caractérisation minéralogique, pétrographique et chimique des briques faites dans la Région de Bruxelles Capitale et discute des sources des matières premières silteuses, les sables de moulage et les mortiers de chaux. La microscopie optique, la diffraction des rayons X, l'ablation laser associée à la spectrométrie de masse à couplage inductif, la susceptibilité magnétique et la microscopie électronique à balayage couplée aux analyses par analyse dispersive en énergie, furent utilisées pour caractériser les briques et différentes ressources argileuses régionales. Les briques ont été moulées avec une matière première silteuse, riche en silice, non calcareuse et récoltée

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“…These changes occur during firing of clay bodies can be monitored by XRD. Considering this fact, XRD, as a direct method, has constantly been of major interest in determining firing temperature of ancient ceramics [4,24,33,35,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new look at XRD patterns of archaeological ceramic bodies

Holakooei

Tessari

Verde

et al. 2014

J Therm Anal Calorim

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In this paper, the general rules of phase transformations in calcareous clay bodies during firing were used to estimate the equivalent firing temperature (EFT) of seventeenth century polychrome Persian haft rang tiles based on their X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The novelty of this work is, however, that it handles the XRD patterns of archaeological clay bodies with principal component analysis (PCA) in order to have a new look at their firing and thermal behaviour. Statistically handling the XRD patterns, different clusters were discriminated in the clay bodies whose mineralogical composition showed various proportions of amorphous and quartz contents. The results showed interesting trends in the different clusters in terms of the EFT, quartz content, and the density of the bodies. The present work uses PCA for the first time to have a new look at XRD patterns of archaeological clay bodies and, moreover, to interpret the PCA results in order to estimate the EFT of a large number of archaeological clay bodies

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Mineralogical Investigations of Medieval Brick Samples From Békés County (Se Hungary)

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Implications of Cellulose in Modeling the Behavior of Vegetal Additive Materials in Clay Based Ceramics: Technical and Archaeological Issues

Implications of Cellulose in Modeling the Behavior of Vegetal Additive Materials in Clay Based Ceramics: Technical and Archaeological Issues

Archaeometric and archaeological characterization of the fired clay brick production in the Brussels-Capital Region between the XIV and the third quarter of the XVIII centuries (Belgium)

A new look at XRD patterns of archaeological ceramic bodies

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