Mineralogy and hydrochemical characteristics of the late marshes and swamps of Hor Al Hammar, Southern Iraq

Banat, K.M.; Howari, Fares M.; Abdullah, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.08.004

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The intensity of the burns in some areas, with high surface organic matter covering sulfidic pyrite soils beneath, resulted in soils being greatly altered chemically [23]. Richardson et al [24] noted that water chemistry values of Hammar marsh, when compared with historical surveys completed before drainage [22,25], revealed high increases in the concentrations of several ions including Na which was raised by (170%) in the Suq Al-Shuyukh region during the past 20 years. Richardson & Hussain [4] stated that the reflooded East Al-Hammar had highest total phosphates and nitrogen compared with other marshes, which may be related to sampling at several sites where human and animal waste was released directly into the water column without treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Current and Restoration Conditions of the Southern Iraqi Marshes: Application of the CCME WQI on East Hammar Marsh

Al-Saboonchi¹,

Mohamed²,

Al-Obaidy³

et al. 2011

JEP

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Water quality of the East Hammar marsh after restoration was assessed by using the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI).The model was applied in two approaches based on the historical data and the CCME aquatic life guidelines as objectives. Variables included in the index calculation were Water Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity, pH value, Total Nitrogen, Ammonia, Nitrate, Phosphorus and Sodium. The CCME WQI analysis in both approaches reflected that water quality of the East Hammar marsh is rated as poor based on 2005-2006 data, meaning that the conditions of the marsh are often depart from natural or desirable levels particularly in respect to sodium and nitrogenous compounds; it simply has not recovered yet. The results reflect that the marsh area is still far from the current guideline criteria and, too far from restoration

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Current and Restoration Conditions of the Southern Iraqi Marshes: Application of the CCME WQI on East Hammar Marsh

Al-Saboonchi¹,

Mohamed²,

Al-Obaidy³

et al. 2011

JEP

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“…En estas condiciones con la aplicación de calcáreo se incrementan los contenidos de Ca 2+ , que al formar un par iónico con el SO 4 = precipita el sulfato como CaSO 4 . Banata et al (2006) indican que en suelos con altos contenidos de S y diferentes contenidos de Ca 2+ , puede ocurrir la precipitación de este elemento en la forma de CaSO 4 .…”

Section: Contenido De Ca Y Mg Intercambiableunclassified

Estimación y alteraciones químicas de suelos tiomórficos con la aplicación de cal en invernadero

Caballero

V.²,

N.³

2017

Idesia

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RESUMENEn los suelos tiomórficos o sulfatados ácidos se originan grandes cantidades de ácidos, producto de la oxigenación y drenaje, como consecuencia hay liberación de Al 3+ de compuestos insolubles y el pH desciende a menos que 3,5. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto de la aplicación de cal agrícola en la variación de propiedades químicas en suelos sulfatados ácidos drenados. Seis muestras de suelos fueron colectados en los deltas de los ríos dulces en el estado de Espírito Santo, Brasil y Valle del Río Sinú en Colombia. El trabajo fue desarrollado en invernaderos y laboratorio de fertilidad del Departamento de Suelos de la Universidad de Federal de Viçosa. La cal agrícola utilizada consistió en una mezcla de carbonato de calcio (CaO = 54%) y carbonato de magnesio (MgO = 39,3%) en relación molar de 4:1. Para este estudio se utilizaron 14 ecuaciones que presentan diferentes parámetros químicos, como pH, materia orgánica, acidez potencial (H+Al), saturación de bases (SB), Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ y Al 3+ extraído por varios métodos. Los resultados indican que se necesitan diferentes dosis de cal agrícola, para modificar las características químicas de los diferentes suelos sulfatados ácidos. De acuerdo con las ecuaciones de regresión cuadrática y su utilización para estimar un 40% de la producción máxima de materia seca es necesario la aplicación de dosis de calcáreo entre 7,03 y 156 t ha -1 para obtener pH 5,0 y reducir el Al 3+ intercambiable entre 0,139 y 5,37 cmol c dm -3 . Además al estimar un 80% de la producción máxima de materia seca es necesario aplicar entre 9,36 y 190 t ha -1 con lo que se lograría alcanzar pH 5,5 y reducir el Al 3+ intercambiable entre 0 y 1,691 cmol c dm -3 .Palabras clave: calcáreo, suelos sulfatados ácidos, características químicas, aluminio, ecuaciones. ABSTRACT A. ARTÍCULOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN / RESEARCH PAPERSIDESIA (Chile) Volumen 35, Nº 4, Diciembre, 2017 8 IntroducciónLas alteraciones en las propiedades químicas que ocurren en los suelos sulfatados ácidos actuales, por prácticas de manejo son complejas y poco conocidas por los investigadores y productores agropecuarios, en las regiones interiores de los países de Colombia y Brasil.La acidez que se origina por la producción de ácido sulfúrico y altas concentraciones de aluminio ha sido registrada como las principales barrera químicas para el crecimiento de las raíces y desarrollo vegetal para alcanzar alta productividad agropecuaria en regiones tropicales con suelos sulfatados ácidos interiores. Dent y Dawson (2000) indican que los suelos tiomórficos (suelos sulfatados ácidos) cuando drenados son extremadamente limitantes al uso agrícola. Esto ocurre porque cuando expuestos al O 2 atmosférico u otros agentes oxidantes hay liberación de Al 3+ , Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , SO 4 2 = y H + . Además, en estas condiciones se presentan procesos de oxidación de sulfuros que traen como consecuencia la producción de acidez y baja productividad a los cultivos. Elisa et al. (2011) explican que entre los principales problemas agronómicos asociados a los suelos ...

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“…The separation of the halophytic communities with high salinity at the Suq ash-Shuyukh site can be explained by the greater influence of Euphrates water which has high dissolved mineral content than communities in the central part of the study area. Banat et al (2006) showed that waters in the Hammar part of the study area largely follow evaporation gradients depending on whether there is flow through of river waters to maintain lower salinity concentrations. However, it is also possible that seawater from the Shatt al Arab during seiche events contributes to salinity.…”

Section: Environmental Controls On Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is also possible that seawater from the Shatt al Arab during seiche events contributes to salinity. Further, aquatic invertebrates can remove calcium which can lead to formation of sulfur and gypsum salts (Banat et al 2006). Salinity and water depth have been shown to be important environmental factors controlling plant species distribution in other wetlands in Middle-East.…”

Section: Environmental Controls On Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of vegetation and environmental controls in the 1970s of the Mesopotamian wetlands of southern Iraq

Al-Hilli

Warner

Asada

et al. 2008

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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A vast ecosystem of wetlands and lakes once covered the Mesopotamian Plain of southern Iraq. Widespread drainage in the 1990s nearly obliterated both components of the landscape. This paper reports the results of a study undertaken in 1972-1975 on the vegetation of the wetlands prior to drainage and provides a unique baseline for gauging future restoration of the wetland ecosystems in Mesopotamia. Five representative study sites were used to assess the flora, three of which were wetlands. A total of 371 plant species were recorded in the five sites, of which approximately 40% represent obligate or facultative wetland species. The wetland vegetation was classified into five major physiognomic forms (submerged, floating, herbaceous tall emergent, herbaceous low emergent and woody low emergent), which was further subdivided into 24 fresh and halophytic communities. Water levels greatly fluctuated across the different types of wetlands, and mean surface water depth ranged from below to greater than 2 m above the sediment surface, reflecting permanently, seasonally or intermittently wet habitats. Aboveground biomass was also highly variable among the communities. The Phragmites australis community, which was the most extensive community type, had the greatest biomass with an average value of approximately 5,000 g m -2 in summer. Distribution and community composition were largely controlled by water levels and saline-freshwater gradients. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that salinity and water depth were the most important factors to explain species distribution. Environmental variables related to soil salinity separated halophytic species in woody low emergent and herbaceous low emergent forms (Tamarix galica, Cressa cretica, Alhagi mannifera, Aeluropus lagopoides, Juncus rigida, and Suaeda vermiculata) from other species. Their habitats were also the driest, and soil organic matter content was lower than those of other species. Habitats with deepest water were dominated by submerged aquatic and floating leaved species such as Nymphoides peltata, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Najas armata. Such diverse environmental Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Mineralogy and hydrochemical characteristics of the late marshes and swamps of Hor Al Hammar, Southern Iraq

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

On the Current and Restoration Conditions of the Southern Iraqi Marshes: Application of the CCME WQI on East Hammar Marsh

On the Current and Restoration Conditions of the Southern Iraqi Marshes: Application of the CCME WQI on East Hammar Marsh

Estimación y alteraciones químicas de suelos tiomórficos con la aplicación de cal en invernadero

An assessment of vegetation and environmental controls in the 1970s of the Mesopotamian wetlands of southern Iraq

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