Mineralogy, geochemistry, and genesis of lithium-bearing argillaceous sediments associated with the Neogene Bigadiç borate deposits, Balıkesir, western Anatolia, Türkiye

Kadır, Selahattın; Külah, Tacit; Erkoyun, Hülya; Helvacı, Cahit; Eren, Muhsın; Demiral, Birol

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2023.107015

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 70 publications

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“…Thus, production of a melt capable of saturating Li ore minerals in economic quantities within a single stage melt scenario would require a rare, extremely enriched protolith (e.g., 1160 ppm in the metasedimentary rock). While such concentrations have been documented in reworked Lirich volcanic sediments (e.g., Kadir et al, 2023), they are typically not documented near Li-rich pegmatite provinces (e.g., Roda Robles et al, 1999) and therefore their role in Li pegmatite formation is equivocal. By contrast, additional processing (i.e., re-melting) of a package of continental crust can increase the Li concentration in a second-generation in order to allow spodumene/petalite saturation very early in the fractionation history, obviating the need for extensive fractional crystallization.…”

Section: Multi-step Distillation Model For LI Pegmatitesmentioning

confidence: 98%

The formation of lithium-rich pegmatites through multi-stage melting

Koopmans,

Martins,

Linnen

et al. 2023

Geology

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Lithium-cesium-tantalum−type pegmatites (the primary source of lithium) crystallize from highly evolved, volatile felsic melts that incorporated crustal material in their source. Pegmatites are classically thought to form either from extreme fractionation of a parental granite body or via low-degree partial melting of a metamorphic rock (anatectic origin). However, the processes that lead to the formation of economic lithium pegmatite deposits remain enigmatic, because precipitation of lithium ore minerals requires melt lithium concentrations in excess of 5000 ppm—∼500 times upper crustal abundances. We use petrological modeling to quantify lithium enrichment in an anatectic-origin scenario and show that it is primarily driven by the relative stability of residual biotite and muscovite at medium to high pressures (∼8 kbar), and biotite and cordierite at low pressures (∼3 kbar). We show anatexis of an average lithium-enriched metasedimentary source cannot sufficiently elevate the lithium content of the ensuing melt to form economic deposits; however, if this first-generation melt—now crystallized as granitic crust—is re-melted, the second-generation melt will be sufficiently concentrated in lithium to crystallize lithium ore minerals. We propose a petrogenetic model for anatectic-origin lithium pegmatites, in which a region experiences at least two stages of partial melting, ultimately generating lithium-rich melts without invoking extensive fractional crystallization. This mechanism can both account for the occurrence of unzoned lithium pegmatites and explain why economic pegmatites in many terranes are younger than their inferred source granites.

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Section: Multi-step Distillation Model For LI Pegmatitesmentioning

confidence: 98%

The formation of lithium-rich pegmatites through multi-stage melting

Koopmans,

Martins,

Linnen

et al. 2023

Geology

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Interactions of Clay Minerals with Biomolecules and Protocells Complex Structures in the Origin of Life: A Review

Yan,

Yang

2024

Adv Funct Materials

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The origin of life (OoL) has always been a mysterious and challenging topic that puzzles human beings. Clay minerals have unique properties and wide distribution in early Earth environments. They can not only adsorb biological small molecules to catalyze their polymerization, but play an active role in the formation and evolution of protocells. In this review, the research progress on the interactions of clay minerals with biomolecules and protocells complex structures in the field of the OoL based on chemical evolution theory is summarized. The types, structures and properties of clay minerals, biological molecules and protocell models related to the OoL are introduced in detail. The mechanism of interaction between clay minerals and biological molecules, the construction of protocells and the role of clay minerals in the formation, structure and stability of protocells are systematically described. Finally, the future research priorities and challenges in the field of OoL based on clay minerals, biomolecules and protocells are discussed. It is aspired that this review can further advance the exploration of the OoL from a new perspective, and can also bring some interesting findings and ideas to the interdisciplinary research of materials, biology, chemistry and other related disciplines.Clay minerals have a variety of interactions with small biomolecules, which can be used as structural and functional templates to promote the organic synthesis of biomolecules and the formation and evolution of protocells, playing a non‐negligible role in the field of the OoL.

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Lithium Extraction Potential of Hectorites From the Bigadiç Borate Basin: Mineralogical Characterization and Selective Cation Exchange Experiments

Ünal Ercan

2024

KONJES

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Although lithium is a common element worldwide, it is primarily concentrated in specific areas, including pegmatites, granites, and clays, as well as brine. Today, research in various countries is exploring experimental techniques for extracting Li from Li rich rocks and clays. The Bigadiç boron deposits form in a volcano-sedimentary environment in western Turkey, and their boron minerals interlayer with significant amounts of Li-rich hectorite. However, the clays' high Mg content presents a significant complication, increasing the cost of lithium processes and necessitating an intricate extraction process. In this study, a solution with high Li and low Mg content was obtained by a two-step extraction process from raw Bigadiç clays with high Li content. Raw hectorite samples NaCl, CaCl2 and FeCl3 cation sources were mixed by the mechanical mixing method to provide cation absorption on the clay surface. The targeted ion, Li, was transferred from the clay to the solution by preferential displacement using acid treatment. The findings produced through DLi =[Li(clay)]/[Li(aq)] (ppm/ppm) and logDLi= 1319/T(K) + 5.5 ([Li(aq)]) -0.0806 formulae were analyzed and interpreted. The investigation has demonstrated the viability of selective cation exchange procedures upon rich lithium clay reserves present in Bigadiç.

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Mineralogy, geochemistry, and genesis of lithium-bearing argillaceous sediments associated with the Neogene Bigadiç borate deposits, Balıkesir, western Anatolia, Türkiye

Cited by 4 publications

References 70 publications

The formation of lithium-rich pegmatites through multi-stage melting

The formation of lithium-rich pegmatites through multi-stage melting

Interactions of Clay Minerals with Biomolecules and Protocells Complex Structures in the Origin of Life: A Review

Lithium Extraction Potential of Hectorites From the Bigadiç Borate Basin: Mineralogical Characterization and Selective Cation Exchange Experiments

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