Minerals in Manganese Deposits of Belyaevsky Volcano, the Sea of Japan

Volokhin, Yu. G.; Михайлик, П. Е.; Михайлик, Е. В.

doi:10.1134/s1819714020040077

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…XRPD highlighted the presence of birnessite, diopside, leucite, and halloysite. Birnessite is a widespread phase in these geological formations [ 28 ]. Diopside and leucite are typical minerals of volcanic rocks, while halloysite is a product of alteration of the glass fraction of the same volcanic rock [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Infernaccio” Gorges: Microbial Diversity of Black Deposits and Isolation of Manganese-Solubilizing Bacteria

Farda

Djebaili

Gallo

et al. 2022

Biology

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The present study explored the microbial diversity of black deposits found in the “Infernaccio” gorge. X-ray Powdered Diffraction (XRPD) was used to investigate the crystallinity of the samples and to identify the minerals. Scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to detect the bacterial imprints, analyze microbe–mineral interactions, and highlight the chemical element distribution in the black deposits. 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding allowed the study of Archaea and Bacteria communities. Mn-oxide-solubilizing isolates were also obtained and characterized by culturable and molecular approaches. The multidisciplinary approach showed the occurrence of deposits composed of birnessite, diopside, halloysite, and leucite. Numerous bacterial imprints confirmed the role of microorganisms in forming these deposits. The Bacteria and Archaea communities associated with these deposits and runoff waters are dynamic and shaped by seasonal changes. The uncultured and unknown taxa are the most common and abundant. These amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were mainly assigned to Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla. Six isolates showed interesting Mn solubilization abilities under microaerophilic conditions. Molecular characterization associated isolates to Brevibacterium, Bacillus, Neobacillus, and Rhodococcus genera. The findings enriched our knowledge of geomicrobiological aspects of one of the Earth’s hidden habitats. The study also unveiled the potential of this environment as an isolation source of biotechnologically relevant bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Infernaccio” Gorges: Microbial Diversity of Black Deposits and Isolation of Manganese-Solubilizing Bacteria

Farda

Djebaili

Gallo

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…According to J. R. Hein and S. Wisman [41], marine hydrothermal ferromanganese deposits have a relatively simple mineral composition. However, the ferromanganese crust of the Belyaevsky underwater volcano is distinguished by a complex mineral composition [42]. In addition to the previously established vernadite, burnessite and todorokite, and manganite and pyrolusite indicating a hydrothermal genesis [37], there are manganosite, quenselite, tungomelan, manganotantalite, and rhodochrosite [42].…”

Section: Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fine grains (1-3 µm) of this metal are found in the ferromanganese crust of the underwater Belyaevsky volcano (Figure 7). A feature of the gold grains found in ferromanganese crusts of hydrogenetic and hydrothermal genesis is their three-component composition of the Ag-Au-Cu system (Table 4) like in hydrothermal and stratiform deposits of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range [42]. Two-component gold of the Ag-Au system was found for the gold particles of the guyot of the "Gummi Bear" seamount, and the grain on the Zubov guyot was composed of pure gold (Table 4).…”

Section: Gold Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, in association with gold plates in a sample from the upper anthracite interlayer of the Detroit guyot Co-rich crust, we encountered a small plate of native copper (Figure 8). Moreover, cuprous gold is found in the hydrothermal crust of the Belyaevsky underwater volcano, and it is also found in the continental stratiform manganese deposits of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range [42], which were formed in marine environments [63]. The low-temperature formation of the researched ores in the cold marine environment is also characterized by the deficiency of reducing agents necessary for the destabilization of the prevailing halogen-and hydroxy-complex gold ions [64].…”

Section: Gold Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gold in Ferromanganese Deposits from the NW Pacific

Михайлик

Иванов

2021

Minerals

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Ferromanganese crusts from four different areas of the North-West Pacific Ocean—the Detroit (northern part of the Imperial Ridge) guyot, the Zubov (Marshall Islands) guyot, the “Gummi Bear” seamount (an intraplate volcano near the Krusenstern FZ), and Belyaevsky volcano (the Sea of Japan)—were studied. Samples from the Detroit and Zubov guyots and the “Gummi Bear” seamount have similar chemical and mineral compositions of hydrogenetic cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts. Crust from the Sea of Japan seems to reflect a hydrothermal influence. The gold content in most samples from the Detroit guyot was 68 ppb and from the Zubov guyot varied from 180 to 1390 ppb, which is higher than the average for the Pacific crusts (55 ppb). Gold content in two other samples was less than 10 ppb. Based on the electron microscopic studies, aggregation of gold particles with a size of 680 μm were identified in the Detroit guyot crust. The sizes of the Au particles are up to 10–15 μm, which has not been previously noted. Gold particles similar in morphology and size were also found in the Zubov guyot crust, which is located far from the Detroit guyot. The largest particle of gold (≈60 μm), represented by electrum, was found in the clay substrate from the “Gummi Bear” seamount. The lamellar, rudaceous morphology of the gold particles from the Detroit and Zubov guyots reflects their in situ formation, in contrast to the agglutinated, rounded with traces of dragging gold grain found in the substrate of the sample from the “Gummi Bear” seamount. Three-component (Ag-Au-Cu) gold particles were found in the hydrothermal crust from the Belyaevsky underwater volcano. Grains similar in composition were also found in Co-rich crust. The research results show that the gold was probably added to by hydrothermal fluid in the already-formed hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts during rejuvenated volcanic stages. Biogeochemical processes may have played a major role in the formation of submicron solid-phase gold particles.

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“…Mn occurs in three oxidation states (+II, +III, +IV) in minerals, resulting in a wide variety (more than 30) of Mn oxide and hydroxide minerals. The MnO 6 octahedral structure, which is the basic building block for most Mn oxide minerals, can share edges, corners, or faces to form tunnel and layer structures [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical Characterization of Manganese Oxide Minerals of the Devonian Xialei Manganese Deposit

et al. 2021

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The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is an important manganese ore district in Southwest China, with manganese ore resource reserves accounting for 23% of the total manganese ore resource reserves in China. The Xialei manganese deposit (Daxin County, Guangxi) is the first super-large manganese deposit discovered in China. The Mn oxide in the supergene oxidation zone of the Xialei deposit was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy spectrometer (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM, HRTEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The Mn oxides have a gray-black/steel-gray color, a semi-metallic-earthy luster, and appear as oolitic, pisolitic, banded, massive, and cellular textures. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the manganese oxide minerals are present as fine-spherical particles with an earthy surface. TEM and HRTEM indicate the presence of oriented bundled and staggered nanorods, and nanopores between the crystals. The Mn oxide ore can be classified into two textural types: (1) oolitic and pisolitic (often with annuli) Mn oxide, and (2) massive Mn oxide. Pyrolusite, cryptomelane, and hollandite are the main Mn oxide minerals. The potassium contents of cryptomelane and pyrolusite are discussed. The unit cell parameters of pyrolusite are refined.

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Minerals in Manganese Deposits of Belyaevsky Volcano, the Sea of Japan

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

The “Infernaccio” Gorges: Microbial Diversity of Black Deposits and Isolation of Manganese-Solubilizing Bacteria

The “Infernaccio” Gorges: Microbial Diversity of Black Deposits and Isolation of Manganese-Solubilizing Bacteria

Gold in Ferromanganese Deposits from the NW Pacific

Mineralogical Characterization of Manganese Oxide Minerals of the Devonian Xialei Manganese Deposit

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