MINERALS OF THE SYSTEM Bi Te Se S RELATED TO THE TETRADYMITE ARCHETYPE: REVIEW OF CLASSIFICATION AND COMPOSITIONAL VARIATION

Cook, Nigel J.; Ciobanu, Cristiana L.; Wagner, Thomas; Stanley, Christopher J.

doi:10.2113/gscanmin.45.4.665

Cited by 108 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Results similar to those obtained in the present study, for coexisting joséite-B and "protojoseite", were reported by Zav'yalov & Begizov (1983), and later by Cook et al (2007a). However, in these studies, the compositional data differ noticeably for both species, and the results do not overlap with fields for ideal stoichiometric joséite-A and joséite-B.…”

Section: Identification Of Tetradymite Group Speciessupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Similar to the discussion by Cook et al (2007a), this trend suggests Bi ↔ Te substitution (or "disorder"?) and described by those authors as compounds close to Bi 3 TeS composition could be disordered members of the tsumoite -ingodite -nevskite series.…”

Section: Identification Of Tetradymite Group Speciessupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Some of the data plot directly on this line. Protojoseite remains a questionable mineral species (e.g., Jambor 1984) and its stoichiometry was reported as 3:2 and 4:3, or the phase was suggested to be a nonstoichiometric joséite-B or joséite-A (Cook et al 2007a). Zav 'yalov & Begizov (1983) suggested a narrow compositional field for protojoseite with the general formula Bi 3+ x Te 1− x − y S 1+ y , where −0.02 < x < 0.14 and −0.05 < y < 0.17, which may explain the Bi: (Te + S) variations that were observed.…”

Section: Identification Of Tetradymite Group Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bismuth sulphotellurides are common mineral phases occurring in high-temperature associations with Bi-sulphosalts and Au mineralization in Pb-Zn skarn deposits (Cook et al 2007a), VHMS deposits (Vikentyev 2006), orogenic Au deposits (Bowell et al 1990;Ciobanu et al 2010), Au-bearing quartzveins in intrusion-related systems (Cepedal et al 2013), nickel mineralization in greenstone belts (Groves & Hall 1978), and porphyry-epithermal systems (Cook & Ciobanu 2004;Melnikov et al 2009;Pršek & Peterec 2008;Plotinskaya et al 2009). Tellurium mineralization, together with Bi, is commonly linked to Au occurrences (Ciobanu et al 2009a;Cook et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tetradymite group comprises 19 mineral species and several unknown phases which can be ordered into the following subspecies: Bi 2 Te 3 -Bi 2 Se 3 -Bi 2 S 3 , Bi 4 Te 3 -Bi 4 Se 3 -Bi 4 S 3 and BiTe-BiSe-BiS (Cook et al 2007a). These minerals have usually rhombohedral-or trigonal-layered structures and limited variation in composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bi-sulphotellurides associated with Pb – Bi – (Sb ± Ag, Cu, Fe) sulphosalts: an example from the Stan Terg deposit in Kosovo

Kołodziejczyk¹,

Pršek²,

Voudouris³

et al. 2017

Geologica Carpathica

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New mineralogical and mineral-chemical data from the Stan Terg deposit, Kosovo, revealed the presence of abundant Bi-sulphotellurides associated with Bi-and Sb-sulphosalts and galena in pyrite-pyrrhotite-rich skarn-free ore bodies (ores without skarn minerals). The Bi-bearing association comprises Bi-sulphotellurides (joséite-A, joséite-B, unnamed phase A with a chemical formula close to (Bi,Pb) 2 (TeS) 2 , unnamed phase B with a chemical composition close to (Bi,Pb) 2.5 Te 1.5 S 1.5 ), ikunolite, cosalite, Sb-lillianite, members of the kobellite series and Bi-jamesonite. Compositional trends of the Bi-sulphotellurides suggest lattice-scale incorporation of Bi-(Pb)-rich module and/or admixture with submicroscopic PbS layers in modulated structures, or complicated Bi-Te substitution. Cosalite is characterized by high Sb (max. 3.94 apfu), and low Cu and Ag (up to 0.72 apfu of Cu+Ag). Jamesonite from this mineralization has elevated Bi content, from 0.85 to 2.30 apfu. The negligible content of Au and Ag in the Bi-sulphotellurides, the low content of Ag in Bi-sulphosalts, together with the lack of Au-Ag bearing phases in the mineralization, indicate either ore deposition from fluid(s) depleted in precious metals, or physico-chemical conditions of ore formation preventing Au and Ag precipitation at the deposit site. The temperature of initial mineralization may have exceeded 400 ºC as suggested by the lamellar exsolution textures observed in lillianite, which indicate breakdown textures from decomposition of hightemperature initial crystals. Non-stoichiometric phases among the Bi-sulphosalts and sulphotellurides studied at Stan Terg reflect modulated growth processes in a metasomatic environment.

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Section: Identification Of Tetradymite Group Speciessupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Identification Of Tetradymite Group Speciessupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Identification Of Tetradymite Group Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bi-sulphotellurides associated with Pb – Bi – (Sb ± Ag, Cu, Fe) sulphosalts: an example from the Stan Terg deposit in Kosovo

Kołodziejczyk¹,

Pršek²,

Voudouris³

et al. 2017

Geologica Carpathica

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The geochemistry of Au–Ag minerals and base‐metal sulphides as indicators for gold precipitation: Case study of the Shihu gold deposit, central North China Craton

Zeng

et al. 2019

Geological Journal

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The Shihu quartz vein‐type gold deposit, the largest gold deposit in the central North China Craton, occurs within wall rocks of Neoarchean TTG (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite) gneiss and shows a close relationship with the early Cretaceous Mapeng granitoid pluton and various intermediate–mafic dykes. The occurrence, morphology, composition, and precipitation mechanism of the Au–Ag minerals are short of research, which is the purpose of this study. The primary mineral assemblage of orebody contains quartz, calcite, and base‐metal sulphides including pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and minor pyrrhotite and enargite. The Au–Ag minerals can be classified into three distinct types, namely, (a) quartz‐hosted, (b) pyrite‐hosted, and (c) base‐metal sulphidehosted, corresponding to formation sequence. Electron microprobe analysis indicates that these Au–Ag minerals show fineness (=Au/[Au + Ag] × 1,000) ranging from 976 to 366 with an average of 667 and are rich in Bi, Te, and Hg while deficient of Cu, As, and Se. Bismuth and tellurium in the Au–Ag minerals show a linear relationship with Au, whereas in the coexisted sulphides are almost below detection limits. We suggest that Bi and Te fundamentally influenced the transportation, enrichment, and precipitation of gold as scavengers to concentrate and deposit gold at the location with an “appropriate distance” from magma. Phase analyses of native bismuth and Bi–Te minerals included in pyrite, reported for the first time in Shihu Gold deposit, imply that the gold precipitation witnessed the ore‐forming fluid evolution with log fTe2 decreasing from approximately −11 to approximately −15 and log fS2 increasing from approximately −13 to more than −11. Mineralogical mapping with the fineness of Au–Ag minerals (fineness contours) suggest that the ore‐forming fluids came from the deep earth beneath the north of the mining area with excellent gold potential, which has been verified by later drilling.

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The gold occurrence in pyrite and Te–Bi mineralogy of the Fancha gold deposit, Xiaoqinling gold field, southern margin of the North China Craton: Implication for ore genesis

et al. 2019

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The Fancha lode gold deposit is hosted in the Neoarchean Taihua Group metamorphic rocks in the Xiaoqinling gold field, on the southern margin of the North China Craton. Pyrite, as the predominant sulphide mineral and Au‐hosting mineral, was investigated using a combination of ore microscopy and in‐situ laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS). Three types of pyrite were identified during the ore‐forming process, that is, the coarse euhedral grains in milky quartz veins (Py1), the fine to medium, euhedral to subhedral grains in light grey quartz (Py2), and the fine grains intergrown with abundant sulphide minerals in light grey quartz (Py3). The trace elements exhibit systematic different concentrations among three types of pyrite, implying different crystallization processes. The Py1 grains have the lowest concentrations of Au and other accompanying elements such as Ag, Te, Bi, Cu, Pb, and Zn, and the trace elements of pyrite in wall rock are similar to those of Py1. The Py2 and Py3 grains show consistently high contents of Au, Ag, Te, Bi, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The uneven distribution of gold and positive correlation between Au, Ag, Te, and Bi within Py2 and Py3 grains, indicating that gold mainly occurs as submicroscopic inclusions of Au–Ag–Te–Bi assemblages in the pyrite. This interpretation is supported by the microscopic observation that large quantities of telluride and Bi‐sulfosalt minerals contact directly with gold. Observed Te–Bi minerals include petzite, sylvanite, hessite, calaverite, rucklidgeite, altaite, volynskite, tellurobismuthite, buckhornite, tetradymite, krupkaite, and bismuthinite, and native bismuth is also found. Bi (Te) melts, as an excellent gold scavenger, have played a certain role in governing gold distribution patterns and leading to high concentrations during the mineralization process in the Fancha gold deposit. The Te–Bi mineral assemblages also reveal that the gold was precipitated under variable redox conditions with log fTe2 ranged from <−11.0 to −6.4, and log fS2 ranged from <−11.8 to −8.6 at 300°C, vertically upward from the deep fluid source. Combined with available geochronological and geochemical data, enrichment of Te and Bi indicates that the ore‐forming fluids and metals might be stemed from a mantle‐derived magmatic system.

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MINERALS OF THE SYSTEM Bi Te Se S RELATED TO THE TETRADYMITE ARCHETYPE: REVIEW OF CLASSIFICATION AND COMPOSITIONAL VARIATION

Cited by 108 publications

References 113 publications

Bi-sulphotellurides associated with Pb – Bi – (Sb ± Ag, Cu, Fe) sulphosalts: an example from the Stan Terg deposit in Kosovo

Bi-sulphotellurides associated with Pb – Bi – (Sb ± Ag, Cu, Fe) sulphosalts: an example from the Stan Terg deposit in Kosovo

The geochemistry of Au–Ag minerals and base‐metal sulphides as indicators for gold precipitation: Case study of the Shihu gold deposit, central North China Craton

The gold occurrence in pyrite and Te–Bi mineralogy of the Fancha gold deposit, Xiaoqinling gold field, southern margin of the North China Craton: Implication for ore genesis

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