Mini laser-Doppler (blood) flow monitor with diode laser source and detection integrated in the probe

Mul, F.F.M. de; Spijker, J. van; Plas, D van der; Greve, Jan; Aarnoudse, Jan G.; Smits, T. M.

doi:10.1364/ao.23.002970

Cited by 66 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The idea of miniaturizing the laser Doppler flowmeter and avoiding fiber movement artifacts has led to the concept of an integrated probe for laser Doppler perfusion monitoring [44]. de Mul et al [44] developed a probe (∅16 mm, length 13 mm) in which a solid-state diode laser source (AlGaAs, 5 mW, 840 nm) and detectors were integrated.…”

Section: Integrated Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of methodological developments in laser Doppler flowmetry

et al. 2008

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Section: Integrated Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…de Mul et al [44] developed a probe (∅16 mm, length 13 mm) in which a solid-state diode laser source (AlGaAs, 5 mW, 840 nm) and detectors were integrated. This avoided Fig.…”

Section: Integrated Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of methodological developments in laser Doppler flowmetry

et al. 2008

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“…In order to implement such a system the relatively large Helium-Neon laser has to be replaced by a laser diode source. This was achieved by De Mul et al (1984) who reported a compact integrated probe containing a visible laser diode and two photodiodes. This solution has not been widely adopted in conu-nercial systems, primarily because the use of fibre optics allows the use of 68 interchangeable probe heads that are optimised for particular sites on the body.…”

Section: Evolution Of Laser Doppler Signal Processing Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data was downloaded off-line for processing, allowing different signal processing approaches to be evaluated. (Drain 1980, Oberg 1990), De Mul (1984 for example, states a SNR power ratio of 10.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An in-shoe laser Doppler sensor for assessing plantar blood flow in the diabetic foot

Cobb¹,

Claremont²

2001

Medical Engineering & Physics

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An in-shoe laser Doppler sensor for assessing plantar blood flow in the diabetic foot. Jonathan Edwin CobbPlantar ulceration is a complication of the diabetic foot prevalent in adults with type 11 diabetes mellitus. Although neuropathy, microvascular disease and biornechanical factors are all implicated, the mechanism by which the tissue becomes pre-disposed to damage remains unclear. Recent theories suggest that the nutritional supply to the tissue is compromised, either by increased flow through the arteriovenous anastomoses ('capillary steal' theory) or through changes in the micro vascu I ature (haemodynamic hypothesis). Clinical data to support these ideas has been limited to assessment of the unclad foot under rest conditions. A limitation of previous studies has been the exclusion of static and dynamic tissue loading, despite extensive evidence that these biornechanical factors are essential in the development of plantar ulceration. The present study has overcome these problems by allowing assessment of plantar blood flow, in-shoe, during standing and walking.The system comprises a laser Doppler blood flux sensor operating at 780nm, load sensor, measurement shoe, instrumentation, and analysis software. In-vitro calibration was performed using standard techniques. An in-vivo study of a small group of diabetic subjects indicated differences in the blood flux response between diabetic neuropaths, diabetics with vascular complications and a control group. For example, following a loading period of 120s, relative increases in response from rest to peak were: Control (150% to 259%), Vascular (-70% to 242%), Neuropathic (109%-174%) and recovery times to 50% of the peak response were: Control (33s to 45s), Vascular (43s to >120s), Neuropathic (>120s). Dynamic re-perfusion rates (arbitrary units per millisecond) obtained for the swing phase of gait were: Control (6.1 a. u/ms to 7.9 a. u/ms), Vascular (4 a. u/ms to 6.2 a. u/ms), Neuropathic (2.3 a. u/ms to 4.5 a. u/ms).

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“…The particle speed can be expressed as a function of the frequency fluctuations (f r ) of the scattered intensity and of the distance between two contiguous fringes (γ) as follows: (6) being θ the angle between the two beams. Some works were carried out to realize compact laser Doppler-based instruments [75]. The aim was to create devices that integrate all the optical components of the laser Doppler flowmeter.…”

Section:  Laser Doppler Flowmetermentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromachined Flow Sensors in Biomedical Applications

2012

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Application fields of micromachined devices are growing very rapidly due to the continuous improvement of three dimensional technologies of micro-fabrication. In particular, applications of micromachined sensors to monitor gas and liquid flows hold immense potential because of their valuable characteristics (e.g., low energy consumption, relatively good accuracy, the ability to measure very small flow, and small size). Moreover, the feedback provided by integrating microflow sensors to micro mass flow controllers is essential to deliver accurately set target small flows. This paper is a review of some application areas in the biomedical field of micromachined flow sensors, such as blood flow, respiratory monitoring, and drug delivery among others. Particular attention is dedicated to the description of the measurement principles utilized in early and current research. Finally, some observations about characteristics and issues of these devices are also reported.

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Mini laser-Doppler (blood) flow monitor with diode laser source and detection integrated in the probe

Cited by 66 publications

References 6 publications

Review of methodological developments in laser Doppler flowmetry

Review of methodological developments in laser Doppler flowmetry

An in-shoe laser Doppler sensor for assessing plantar blood flow in the diabetic foot

Micromachined Flow Sensors in Biomedical Applications

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