Mini review: Characteristics of upwelling in several coastal areas in the world

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of the upwelling processes and the controlling factors as an effort to reveal the characteristics and the intensities of upwelling events in several parts of the world. This review aimed at identifying the characteristics of upwelling and how the global climate controlling this physic phenomenon such as ENSO, IOD and Kelvin Wave. Several places in the Southeast Asia experienced high intensities of upwelling when El Nino events such as in South of Java, East Coast of Malaysia Peninsula and in Vietnam Coastal area. The results of this review found that area with the most intensive and productive upwelling in the world is South American waters and Banguela Upwelling System (BUS) in the African Coast. However, several other areas also show intensive and high productivity of upwelling, such as off the southern coast of Java Island in Indonesia and the Banda Sea and its surroundings. It is found that upwelling with stronger intensity can result in increase of mortality of certain organisms such as scallops. Additionally, increase of nutrients in a waters is often accompanied by an increase in several species of toxic algae that are harmful to the local fishery system (harmful algae blooms, HABs).

Size matters: Physiological sensitivity of the scallop Argopecten purpuratus to seasonal cooling and deoxygenation upwelling-driven events

“…On average, seasonal pH values were also highly correlated with higher Ekman transport values. This agrees with previous studies that determine that multiple processes such as organic matter remineralization, high oxygen consumption, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) production occur at deeper depths making upwelled waters poor in oxygen and rich pCO 2 concentrations (low pH) (Umasangaji et al, 2021). Average seasonal surface Chl-a at Tongoy Bay also responded to the radiation and temperature annual cycle (highest values recorded in summer and spring seasons).…”

Upwelling in Marginal Seas and Its Association with Climate Change Scenario—A Comparative Review

“…Specifically, in the South China Sea, earlier findings of upwelling are only based on direct measurements or in-situ data, as in the study by Wrytki [27]. But later, with the rapid development of science and technology, especially in remote sensing and hydrodynamic models, researchers are able to access the image data easily, which allows new qualitative insights and understanding of this phenomenon [28,29]. Specifically, in the South China Sea, earlier findings of upwelling are only based on direct measurements or in-situ data, as in the study by Wrytki [27].…”

Black Sea Eutrophication Comparative Analysis of Intensity between Coastal and Offshore Waters

“…them from the surface waters where most biological productivity occurs, thereby impacting the availability of nutrients in the upper layers [87,88]. Conversely, these nutrient-rich deep waters can become a significant source of nutrients during upwelling events [89]. Upwelling occurs when wind patterns and ocean currents bring deeper, colder, and nutrient-dense waters to the surface [90][91][92].…”

“…Upwelling occurs when wind patterns and ocean currents bring deeper, colder, and nutrient-dense waters to the surface [90][91][92]. This process can change the nutrient dynamics of surface water, providing a fresh supply of essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica [89,92]. These nutrients fuel primary productivity, often leading to phytoplankton blooms that can significantly alter the local marine ecosystem.…”

“…These nutrients fuel primary productivity, often leading to phytoplankton blooms that can significantly alter the local marine ecosystem. Conversely, these nutrient-rich deep waters can become a significant source of nutrients during upwelling events [89]. Upwelling occurs when wind patterns and ocean currents bring deeper, colder, and nutrient-dense waters to the surface [90][91][92].…”